Neuroendocrine Regulation of Food Intake

Watts, Alan G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-375097-6.10014-9

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 230 publications

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“…In contrast, many common forms of feeding occur in the absence of major deviations in energy balance, such as ‘spontaneous feeding’ (e.g., initiation of feeding during ad libitum access to food; (Watts, 2012)). In this section, we consider the implications of recent studies showing that the activity of hypothalamic cell types whose roles have been considered ‘reactive’ and ‘homeostatic’ is profoundly modulated both prior to and immediately following ingestion of food or water.…”

Section: Section 3: Hypothalamic Regulation Of Hunger/satietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Wiring Diagram Understanding of Appetite Control

Andermann

Lowell

2017

Neuron

459

396

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Prior mouse genetic research has set the stage for a deep understanding of appetite regulation. This goal is now being realized through the use of recent technological advances, such as the ability to map connectivity between neurons, manipulate neural activity in real time, and measure neural activity during behavior. Indeed, major progress has been made with regards to meal-related gut control of appetite, arcuate nucleus-based hypothalamic circuits linking energy state to the motivational drive, hunger, and finally limbic and cognitive processes that bring about hunger-mediated increases in reward value and perception of food. Unexpected findings are also being made, for example, the rapid regulation of homeostatic neurons by cues that predict future food consumption. The aim of this review is to 1) to cover the major underpinnings of appetite regulation, 2) to describe recent advances resulting from the new technologies, and 3) to synthesize these findings into an updated view of appetite regulation.

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Section: Section 3: Hypothalamic Regulation Of Hunger/satietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Wiring Diagram Understanding of Appetite Control

Andermann

Lowell

2017

Neuron

459

396

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“…Indeed, Sherrington may have been the first to use the term integration in this context (280). Sensory-motor integration of this type raises a fundamental organizational question about how the brain uses the many and varied (29,283,285,286). The network bases for these interactions is discussed in Section IV B 4b (Integration in the Brain).…”

Section: Sensory-motor Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One is responsible for Behavioral State (sleep/ wake, attention and vigilance). The other is responsible for encoding Neural Representations of Sensory Objects (283,285,286). This hugely complex and widely distributed processing system is responsible for the following functions:…”

Section: B Integration In the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiological control of eating: signals, neurons, and networks

Watts

Kanoski

Sanchez‐Watts

et al. 2022

Physiological Reviews

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During the past 30 years, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities that has coincided with an ever increasing sophistication of genetically based manipulations. These techniques have produced results with a remarkable level of cell-specificity-particularly at the cell signaling level-and have played a lead role in advancing the field. However, putting these findings into a brain-wide context that connects physiological signals and neurons to behavior and somatic physiology requires a thorough consideration of neuronal connections; a field that has also seen an extraordinary technological revolution. Our goal is to present a comprehensive and balanced assessment of how physiological signals associated with energy homeostasis interact at many brain levels to control eating behaviors. A major theme is that these signals engage sets of interacting neural networks throughout the brain, that are defined by specific neural connections. We begin by discussing some fundamental concepts-including ones that still engender vigorous debate-that provide the necessary frameworks for understanding how the brain controls meal initiation and termination. These include: key word definitions, ATP availability as the pivotal regulated variable in energy homeostasis, neuropeptide signaling, homeostatic and hedonic eating, and meal structure. Within this context, we discuss network models of how key regions in the endbrain (or telencephalon), hypothalamus, hindbrain, medulla, vagus nerve, and spinal cord work together with the gastrointestinal tract to enable the complex motor events that permit animals to eat in diverse situations.

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“…However, organizational models based on single discrete “control centers” in the brain for feeding and other motivated behaviors have long been discredited. They have been replaced by the notion of distributed neural networks that encompass many brain regions to coordinate all the behavioral, autonomic, and endocrine motor components associated with a particular behavior, including metabolic control [16,52,53]. …”

Section: The Conundrum Of the Ventromedial Nucleus Of The Hypothalamumentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do We Know if the Brain Is Wired for Type 2 Diabetes?

Watts

2014

Curr Diab Rep

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It is now widely accepted that the brain makes important contributions to the dysregulated glucose metabolism, altered feeding behaviors, and the obesity often seen in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although studies focusing on genetic, cellular, and molecular regulatory elements in pancreas, liver, adipose tissue etc. provide a good understanding of how these process relate to T2D, our knowledge of how brain wiring patterns are organized is much less developed. This article discusses animal studies that illustrate the importance of understanding the network organization of those brain regions most closely implicated in T2D. It will describe the brain networks, as well as the methodologies used to explore them. To illustrate some of the gaps in our knowledge, we will discuss the connectional network of the ventromedial nucleus and its adjacent cell groups in the hypothalamus; structures that are widely recognized as key elements in the brain’s ability to control glycemia, feeding, and body weight.

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Neuroendocrine Regulation of Food Intake

Cited by 3 publications

References 230 publications

Toward a Wiring Diagram Understanding of Appetite Control

Toward a Wiring Diagram Understanding of Appetite Control

The physiological control of eating: signals, neurons, and networks

How Do We Know if the Brain Is Wired for Type 2 Diabetes?

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