Neuroendrocrine regulation of prolactin release

Ben‐Jonathan, Nira; Arbogast, Lydia A.; Hyde, James F.

doi:10.1016/0301-0082(89)90008-7

Cited by 273 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 570 publications

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“…Both systems regulate PRL secretion by exerting a tonic inhibitory control on both PRL secretion and lactotroph proliferation. 27 In early studies, TIDA neuron function was reported to decline during aging in rats, with a marked reduction in hypothalamic, median eminence and neurointermediate lobe DA content in old (24-26 months) as compared with young (4 months) rats. 28 More significant, the rate of DA secretion into the hypophysial portal blood of aged (20-26 months) male and female rats was found to decline drastically when compared with young (2-4 months) counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restorative effect of insulin-like growth factor-I gene therapy in the hypothalamus of senile rats with dopaminergic dysfunction

et al. 2006

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Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is emerging as a powerful neuroprotective molecule that is strongly induced in the central nervous system after different insults. We constructed a recombinant adenoviral vector (RAd-IGFI) harboring the gene for rat IGF-I and used it to implement IGF-I gene therapy in the hypothalamus of senile female rats, which display hypothalamic dopaminergic (DA) neurodegeneration and as a consequence, chronic hyperprolactinemia. Restorative IGF-I gene therapy was implemented in young (5 months) and senile (28 months) female rats, which received a single intrahypothalamic injection of 3 Â 10 9 plaque-forming units of RAd-bgal (a control adenoviral vector expressing b-galactosidase) or RAd-IGFI and were killed 17 days postinjection. In the young animals, neither vector modified serum prolactin levels, but in the RAd-IGFI-injected senile rats a nearly full reversion of their hyperprolactinemic status was recorded. Morphometric analysis revealed a significant increase in the total number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the hypothalamus of experimental as compared with control senile animals (58747486 and 33907498, respectively). Our results indicate that IGF-I gene therapy in senile female rats is highly effective for restoring their hypothalamic DA dysfunction and thus reversing their chronic hyperprolactinemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restorative effect of insulin-like growth factor-I gene therapy in the hypothalamus of senile rats with dopaminergic dysfunction

et al. 2006

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“…Such an action would appear to compromise the ability of FEN to assess central 5-HT system function, particularly where the PRL response to FEN is used as the primary outcome variable. This is because DA exerts a powerful inhibitory influence on the pituitary lactotroph (Ben-Jonathan et al, 1989). Accordingly, PRL responses to d,l-FEN could be due to both the enhancement in 5-HT function and the inhibition of the tuberoinfundibular DA system, which directly regulates PRL secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifth, this study utilized d-FEN rather than d,l-FEN. Although PRL responses to d,l-FEN are very similar to those with d-FEN, the l-isomer in d,l-FEN has antagonistic effects on the dopaminergic system (Crunelli et al, 1980;Garattini et al, 1988) that can affect PRL release in response to neurotransmitter-mediated stimulation (Ben-Jonathan et al, 1989;Coccaro and Kavoussi, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggression, Suicidality, and Intermittent Explosive Disorder: Serotonergic Correlates in Personality Disorder and Healthy Control Subjects

Coccaro

Lee

Kavoussi

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Central serotonergic (5-HT) activity has long been implicated in the regulation of impulsive aggressive behavior. This study was performed to use a highly selective agent for 5-HT (d-Fenfluramine, d-FEN) in a large group of human subjects to further explore this relationship dimensionally and categorically. One hundred and fifty healthy subjects (100 with personality disorder, PD and 50 healthy volunteer controls, HV) underwent d-FEN challenge studies. Residual peak delta prolactin (DPRL[d-FEN]-R; ie, after the removal of potentially confounding variables) was used as the primary 5-HT response variable. Composite measures of aggression and impulsivity were used as dimensional measures, and history of suicidal/self-injurious behavior as well as the presence of intermittent explosive disorder (IED) were used as categorical variables. DPRL[d-FEN]-R responses correlated inversely with composite aggression, but not composite impulsivity, in all subjects and in males and females examined separately. The correlation with composite aggression was strongest in male PD subjects. DPRL [d-FEN]-R values were reduced in PD subjects with a history of suicidal behavior but not, selfinjurious behavior. DPRL [d-FEN]-R values were also reduced in patients meeting Research Criteria for IED. Physiologic responses to 5-HT stimulation are reduced as a function of aggression (but not generalized impulsivity) in human subjects. The same is true for personality disordered subjects with a history of suicidal, but not self-injurious, behavior and for subjects with a diagnosis of IED by research criteria. These data have particular relevance to the notion of impulsive aggression and the biological validity of IED.

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“…Prolactin (PRL) is one of the most versatile hormones produced by the pituitary gland (1)(2)(3). Several properties of PRL are of particular interest with regard to the adrenal gland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin induces adrenal hypertrophy

Silva

Felício

Nasello

et al. 2004

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Although adrenocorticotropic hormone is generally considered to play a major role in the regulation of adrenal glucocorticoid secretion, several reports have suggested that other pituitary hormones (e.g., prolactin) also play a significant role in the regulation of adrenal function. The aim of the present study was to measure the adrenocortical cell area and to determine the effects of the transition from the prepubertal to the postpubertal period on the hyperprolactinemic state induced by domperidone (4.0 mg kg -1 day -1 , sc). In hyperprolactinemic adult and young rats, the adrenals were heavier, as determined at necropsy, than in the respective controls: adults (30 days: 0.16 ± 0.008 and 0.11 ± 0.007; 46 days: 0.17 ± 0.006 and 0.12 ± 0.008, and 61 days: 0.17 ± 0.008 and 0.10 ± 0.004 mg for treated and control animals, respectively; P < 0.05), and young rats (30 days: 0.19 ± 0.003 and 0.16 ± 0.007, and 60 days: 0.16 ± 0.006 and 0.13 ± 0.009 mg; P < 0.05). We selected randomly a circular area in which we counted the nuclei of adrenocortical cells. The area of zona fasciculata cells was increased in hyperprolactinemic adult and young rats compared to controls: adults: (61 days: 524.90 ± 47.85 and 244.84 ± 9.03 µm 2 for treated and control animals, respectively; P < 0.05), and young rats: (15 days: 462.30 ± 16.24 and 414.28 ± 18.19; 60 days: 640.51 ± 12.91 and 480.24 ± 22.79 µm 2 ; P < 0.05). Based on these data we conclude that the increase in adrenal weight observed in the hyperprolactinemic animals may be due to prolactin-induced adrenocortical cell hypertrophy.

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Neuroendrocrine regulation of prolactin release

Cited by 273 publications

References 570 publications

Restorative effect of insulin-like growth factor-I gene therapy in the hypothalamus of senile rats with dopaminergic dysfunction

Restorative effect of insulin-like growth factor-I gene therapy in the hypothalamus of senile rats with dopaminergic dysfunction

Aggression, Suicidality, and Intermittent Explosive Disorder: Serotonergic Correlates in Personality Disorder and Healthy Control Subjects

Prolactin induces adrenal hypertrophy

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