Neuroepithelial Stem Cells from the Embryonic Spinal Cord: Isolation, Characterization, and Clonal Analysis

Kalyani, Anjali J.; Hobson, Kristin A.; Rao, Mahendra S.

doi:10.1006/dbio.1997.8592

Cited by 271 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…The number of GFAP-positive cells increased along the differentiation process, representing 8.9±0.3% on Day 2, 75.9±6.0% on Day 4, and 86.5± 0.8% of total cells on Day 8. This observation coincides well with a previous report (Kalyani et al, 1997), in which GFAP-positive cells constituted the largest portion (73±6.0%) of the total population of differentiated neuroepithelial cells after 5 days of differentiation.…”

Section: Verification Of Spinal Cord Precursor Cells Into Neuronal Cesupporting

confidence: 93%

Analysis of Gene Expression in Mouse Spinal Cord-derived Neural Precursor Cells During Neuronal Differentiation

Ahn¹,

Kim²,

Ko³

et al. 2009

Genomics & Informatics

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The differentiation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) into neurons and astrocytes is a process that is tightly controlled by complicated and ill-defined gene networks. To extend our knowledge to gene networks, we performed a temporal analysis of gene expression during the differentiation (2, 4, and 8 days) of spinal cord-derived NPCs using oligonucleotide microarray technology. Out of 32,996 genes analyzed, 1878 exhibited significant changes in expression level (fold change＞2, p＜0.05) at least once throughout the differentiation process. These 1878 genes were classified into 12 groups by k-means clustering, based on their expression patterns. K-means clustering analysis revealed that the genes involved in astrogenesis were categorized into the clusters containing constantly upregulated genes, whereas the genes involved in neurogenesis were grouped to the cluster showing a sudden decrease in gene expression on Day 8. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicated the enrichment of genes for Pax6-NeuroD signaling−TGFb-SMAD and BMP-SMAD−which suggest the implication of these genes in the differentiation of NPCs and, in particular, key roles for Nova1 and TGFBR1 in the neurogenesis/astrogenesis of mouse spinal cord.

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Section: Verification Of Spinal Cord Precursor Cells Into Neuronal Cesupporting

confidence: 93%

Analysis of Gene Expression in Mouse Spinal Cord-derived Neural Precursor Cells During Neuronal Differentiation

Ahn¹,

Kim²,

Ko³

et al. 2009

Genomics & Informatics

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“…Thus, our results suggest the common control mechanisms for adult and embryonic progenitors. Neural stem cells are present in both the adult and embryonic spinal cord (Weiss et al, 1996;Kalyani et al, 1997;Johansson et al, 1999;Shihabuddin et al, 2000). We also identified bipotential progenitors in our cultures, although it was not determined whether these cells possessed the properties of bona fide stem cells.…”

Section: Molecular Properties Of Adult Neural Progenitorsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Transcription Factor Expression and Notch-Dependent Regulation of Neural Progenitors in the Adult Rat Spinal Cord

Yamamoto¹,

Nagao²,

Sugimori³

et al. 2001

J. Neurosci.

232

199

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Recent studies have demonstrated that neural stem cells and other progenitors are present in the adult CNS. Details of their properties, however, remain poorly understood. Here we examined the properties and control mechanisms of neural progenitors in the adult rat spinal cord at the molecular level. Adult and embryonic progenitors commonly expressed various homeodomain-type (Pax6, Pax7, Nkx2.2, and Prox1) and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-type (Ngn2, Mash1, NeuroD1, and Olig2) transcriptional regulatory factors in vitro. Unlike their embryonic counterparts, however, adult progenitors could not generate specific neurons that expressed markers appropriate for spinal motoneurons or interneurons, including Islet1, Lim1, Lim3, and HB9. Cells expressing the homeodomain factors Pax6, Pax7, and Nkx2.2 also emerged in vivo in response to injury and were distributed in unique patterns in the lesioned spinal cord. However, neither the expression of the neurogenic bHLH factors including Ngn2, Mash1, and NeuroD1 nor subsequent generation of new neurons could be detected in injured tissue. Our results suggest that signaling through the cellsurface receptor Notch is involved in this restriction. The expression of Notch1 in vivo was enhanced in response to injury. Furthermore, activation of Notch signaling in vitro inhibited differentiation of adult progenitors, whereas attenuation of Notch signals and forced expression of Ngn2 significantly enhanced neurogenesis. These results suggest that both the intrinsic properties of adult progenitors and local environmental signals, including Notch signaling, account for the limited regenerative potential of the adult spinal cord.

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“…In addition, in vivo overexpression and BMP receptor truncation studies have shown a similar role for BMP in promoting neuronal differentiation at the expense of cell proliferation in the VZ (W. . From early work on VZ stem/precursor cell cultures from the telencephalon (Murphy et al, 1990;Kilpatrick and Bartlett, 1993) and neural tube (Kalyani et al, 1997), FGF-2 was found to be critical in maintaining proliferation and an undifferentiated state. Although there is expression in the VZ of all 4 FGF receptors in vivo (Bansal et al, 2003;Reid and Ferretti, 2003), neural stem/precursor cells derived from the rat neural tube uniquely express FGFR4 (Kalyani et al, 1999).…”

Section: Similarities and Differences Between Adult And Fetal Neural mentioning

confidence: 99%

The microenvironment of the embryonic neural stem cell: Lessons from adult niches?

Lathia

Rao

Mattson

et al. 2007

Developmental Dynamics

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A better understanding of the signals regulating embryonic neural stem cells is clearly an important goal. However, many studies on neural stem cell biology are conducted on the slowly-dividing cells found in the adult CNS, where specialized microenvironments or niches maintain the stem cells throughout life. By contrast, the embryonic VZ is a transient structure that does not fulfill the criteria conventionally used to define niches. In this review we will examine whether, despite these differences, the signals found in other adult stem cell niches are present in the VZ. Using the similarities and differences we observe, we will reconsider whether the location of embryonic stem cell populations such as the VZ can be thought of as niches. Finally, we will ask how these lessons from the niche inform our understanding of neurodevelopmental diseases and cancers of the CNS. Developmental Dynamics 236:3267-3282, 2007.

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Neuroepithelial Stem Cells from the Embryonic Spinal Cord: Isolation, Characterization, and Clonal Analysis

Cited by 271 publications

References 57 publications

Analysis of Gene Expression in Mouse Spinal Cord-derived Neural Precursor Cells During Neuronal Differentiation

Analysis of Gene Expression in Mouse Spinal Cord-derived Neural Precursor Cells During Neuronal Differentiation

Transcription Factor Expression and Notch-Dependent Regulation of Neural Progenitors in the Adult Rat Spinal Cord

The microenvironment of the embryonic neural stem cell: Lessons from adult niches?

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