Neurofeedback for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: 25-Month Follow-up of Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Arnold, L. Eugene; Arns, Martijn; Barterian, Justin A.; Connor, Shea; deBeus, Roger; Hollway, Jill A.; Kerson, Cynthia; Lightstone, Howard; Lubar, Joel F.; McBurnett, Keith; Monastra, Vincent J.; Mulligan, Arielle; Buchan-Page, Kristin A.; Pan, Xueliang; Rice, Robert R.; Roley‐Roberts, Michelle E.; Schrader, Constance; Tan, Yubo; Williams, C.

doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.862

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is therefore critical to understand the underlying cognitive effects of NF which can help to personalize treatment planning. This seems particularly relevant when considering that the primary outcome (symptom improvement in inattention rated by parents and teachers) of this RCT showed unspecific improvement for all children, irrespective of whether they received NF or control treatment (The Neurofeedback Collaborative Group, 2021, 2023). Moreover, a recent secondary moderator analysis of this RCT showed that baseline cognitive characteristics identified children that benefitted more from NF than control treatment (Ging-Jehli et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The RCT did not find a significant overall difference on the primary outcome (parent- and teacher-rated inattentiveness) between those who receive NF and those who received control treatment that differed only in not having deliberate down-training of the theta–beta power ratio (TBR). Specifically, both groups had large significant inattentive symptom improvements that were sustained for 21 months following treatment (The Neurofeedback Collaborative Group, 2023), without a significant difference between treatments. However, moderator analyses showed significant effects in comorbidity subgroups; at treatment end, those with comorbid anxiety without oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD) improved significantly more with the control treatment than with NF, and at 13-month follow-up, those with ODD without anxiety were significantly more improved with NF than control treatment (Roley-Roberts et al, 2023).…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A diffusion decision model analysis of the cognitive effects of neurofeedback for ADHD.

Ging-Jehli,

Painter,

Kraemer

et al. 2024

Neuropsychology

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Objective: To examine cognitive effects of neurofeedback (NF) for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a secondary outcome of a randomized clinical trial. Method: In a double-blind randomized clinical trial (NCT02251743), 133 7-10-year olds with ADHD received either 38 sessions of NF (n = 78) or control treatment (n = 55) and performed an integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test at baseline, mid-and end-treatment. We used the diffusion decision model to decompose integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test performance at each assessment into cognitive components: efficiency of integrating stimulus information (v), context sensitivity (c v ), response cautiousness (a), response bias (z /a), and nondecision time for perceptual encoding and response execution (T er ). Based on prior findings, we tested whether the components known to be deficient improved with NF and explored whether other cognitive components improved using linear mixed modeling. Results: Before NF, children with ADHD showed main deficits in integrating stimulus information (v), which led to less accurate and slower responses than healthy controls ( p = .008). The NF group showed significantly more improvement in integrating auditory stimulus information (v) than control treatment (significant group-by-time-by-modality effect: p = .044). Conclusions: NF seems to improve v, deficient in ADHD. Key PointsQuestion: How does cognitive processing change in response to neurofeedback? Findings: Neurofeedback improves latent cognitive processes that are involved in integrating stimulus information and that are quantified with sequential sampling models. Importance: It is therefore critical to understand the underlying cognitive effects of neurofeedback, which can help to personalize treatment planning. Next Steps: More studies are needed that use process-oriented computational models, together with mechanistic neurocognitive tests, to disentangle the different therapeutic ingredients of neurofeedback.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

A diffusion decision model analysis of the cognitive effects of neurofeedback for ADHD.

Ging-Jehli,

Painter,

Kraemer

et al. 2024

Neuropsychology

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“…Studies have found (14,15) that EEG biofeedback therapy is effective in improving the core symptoms of ADHD. Previous studies also showed (16,17) that children with ADHD have increased activity of theta waves and decreased activity of beta waves in the prefrontal center, and EEG biofeedback therapy is a method of extracting specific parameters from EEG signals as a reference for brain function training to suppress theta waves and strengthen beta waves (18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of behavior modification training combined with electroencephalographic biofeedback therapy for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: a randomized controlled trial

Luo,

Zhang,

Xia

et al. 2023

Front. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry

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Background and aimsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children. Multiple treatments are currently available with varying effectiveness, and our aim was to investigate the efficacy of behavior modification training combined with Electroencephalography (EEG) biofeedback treatment on ADHD in children.MethodsChildren with ADHD were randomly divided into a control group (n = 42), an EEG biofeedback group (n = 30) and a behavior modification training combined with EEG biofeedback group (i.e., a combined intervention group) (n = 30) according to the intervention. Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV (SNAP-IV) and Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) were assessed before and after three months of treatment.ResultsWe found that in the EEG biofeedback group and the combined intervention group, the scores of all factors except “anxiety” and “psychosomatic disorder” were lower than before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of the three groups were compared. The scores of “impulsivity-hyperactivity”, “learning problems”, “inattention factor” and “hyperactivity factor” were all lower than before, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the post-treatment comprehensive intervention group and the control group, the efficacy was apparent, and the differences in the scores of each factor were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the comparison between the EEG biofeedback group and the control group, except for “anxiety”, “psychosomatic disorder” and “conduct problem” the scores of each factor were statistically significant (P < 0.05). For the comparison between the integrated intervention group and the EEG biofeedback group, the scores of all factors before and after treatment were statistically significant (P < 0.05), except for “anxiety”, “impulsivity-hyperactivity” and the scores of all the factors before and after treatment were statistically significant (P < 0.05), except for “anxiety”, “impulsivity-hyperactivity” and “psychosomatic disorder”.ConclusionsThe comprehensive efficacy of behavior modification training combined with EEG biofeedback therapy on the improvement of symptoms in children with ADHD is positive, and good compliance is worthy of clinical promotion.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/indexEN.html, identifier (ChiCTR2300071511).

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Theta/Beta Ratio Neurofeedback Effects on Resting and Task-Related Theta Activity in Children with ADHD

Enriquez-Geppert,

Krc,

van Dijk

et al. 2024

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

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Neurofeedback for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: 25-Month Follow-up of Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

A diffusion decision model analysis of the cognitive effects of neurofeedback for ADHD.

A diffusion decision model analysis of the cognitive effects of neurofeedback for ADHD.

Efficacy of behavior modification training combined with electroencephalographic biofeedback therapy for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: a randomized controlled trial

Theta/Beta Ratio Neurofeedback Effects on Resting and Task-Related Theta Activity in Children with ADHD

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