Neurofilament triplet proteins are restricted to a subset of neurons in the rat neocortex

Kirkcaldie, Matthew; Dickson, Tracey C.; C, King; Grasby, Dallas J.; Riederer, B.M.; Vickers, James C.

doi:10.1016/s0891-0618(02)00043-1

Cited by 65 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Double immunolabeling of NPNFP and myelin basic protein in the rat neocortex has revealed a very close association between the presence of these two proteins in axons [Kirkcaldie et al, 2002], supporting the idea that NPNFP is a selective marker for neurons with fast-conducting heavily-myelinated axons.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Patterns Of Npnfp-immunoreactive Neuron Distribmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…In many mammals, NPNFP is expressed in a regionaland laminar-specific pattern in medium and large pyramidal neurons of cortical layers III, V, and VI [Campbell and Morrison, 1989;Hof and Nimchinsky, 1992;Kaneko et al, 1994;Hayes and Lewis, 1995;Hof et al, 1995aHof et al, , 1996aPreuss et al, 1999;Tsang et al, 2000;van der Gucht et al, 2001;Kirkcaldie et al, 2002;Preuss and Coleman, 2002;Sherwood et al, 2003a]. Because the distribution of NPNFP-ir cells reflects regional specializations of pyramidal neurons, regional variation in the staining of NPNFP-ir elements facilitates more clear and consistent parcellation of cortical areas.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Patterns Of Npnfp-immunoreactive Neuron Distribmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsets of pyramidal neurons, for example, can be distinguished immunohistochemically by staining with an antibody (e.g., SMI-32) to nonphosphorylated epitopes on the medium and high molecular weight subunits of the neurofilament triplet protein. These epitopes are particularly enriched in the somatodendritic compartment of subpopulations of cortical efferent neurons of the mammalian neocortex that have a specific laminar and regional distribution, and which have been associated with particular functions such as thalamic projection zones and certain corticocortical pathways [Campbell and Morrison, 1989;Morrison, 1990, 1995;Campbell et al, 1991;Mesulam and Geula, 1991;Hof et al, , 2000Hof and Nimchinsky, 1992;Carmichael and Price, 1994;Cusick et al, 1995;Chaudhuri et al, 1996;Gattass et al, 1996;Hiscock et al, 1998;Preuss et al, 1999;Tsang et al, 2000;van der Gucht et al, 2001;Kirkcaldie et al, 2002].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cortical Orofacial Motor Representation in Old World Monkeys, Great Apes, and Humans

et al. 2004

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This study presents a comparative stereologic investigation of neurofilament protein- and calcium-binding protein-immunoreactive neurons within the region of orofacial representation of primary motor cortex (Brodmann’s area 4) in several catarrhine primate species (Macaca fascicularis, Papio anubis, Pongo pygmaeus, Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, and Homo sapiens). Results showed that the density of interneurons involved in vertical interlaminar processing (i.e., calbindin- and calretinin-immunoreactive neurons) as well pyramidal neurons that supply heavily-myelinated projections (i.e., neurofilament protein-immunoreactive neurons) are correlated with overall neuronal density, whereas interneurons making transcolumnar connections (i.e., parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons) do not exhibit such a relationship. These results suggest that differential scaling rules apply to different neuronal subtypes depending on their functional role in cortical circuitry. For example, cortical columns across catarrhine species appear to involve a similar conserved network of intracolumnar inhibitory interconnections, as represented by the distribution of calbindin- and calretinin-immunoreactive neurons. The subpopulation of horizontally-oriented wide-arbor interneurons, on the other hand, increases in density relative to other interneuron subpopulations in large brains. Due to these scaling trends, the region of orofacial representation of primary motor cortex in great apes and humans is characterized by a greater proportion of neurons enriched in neurofilament protein and parvalbumin compared to the Old World monkeys examined. These modifications might contribute to the voluntary dexterous control of orofacial muscles in great ape and human communication.

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Section: Phylogenetic Patterns Of Npnfp-immunoreactive Neuron Distribmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Phylogenetic Patterns Of Npnfp-immunoreactive Neuron Distribmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cortical Orofacial Motor Representation in Old World Monkeys, Great Apes, and Humans

et al. 2004

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“…Protein homogenates (2 g) were preincubated with 0.125 mg of heparin/ml (Sigma), in binding buffer containing 5 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), 25 mM KCl, 2 mM MgCl 2 , 3.8% glycerol, 100 mM NaCl, 0.02 mM dithiothreitol, 2 mM GTP, and 1.5 mM ATP at 30°C for 10 min. 33 P-Labeled probes (10,000 cpm) were added and incubated at 30°C for 10 min. Samples were then loaded on a 4% polyacrylamide gel and electrophoresed at 100 V in 1ϫ TBE buffer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Loss of trans-Acting Instability Determinants of Neurofilament mRNA in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spinal Cord

Leystra-Lantz

Wen

et al. 2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Neurofilament (NF) aggregates in motor neurons are a key neuropathological feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We have previously observed an alteration in the stoichiometry of NF subunit steady state mRNA levels in ALS spinal motor neurons using in situ hybridization and proposed that this led to aggregate formation. We have now examined the levels of NF mRNA in whole tissue homogenates of spinal cord using the RNase protection assay and real time reverse transcriptase-PCR and observed significant elevations of NF mRNA level in ALS. Compared with age-matched control, we observed a greater stability of heterogeneously expressed NFL mRNA in the presence of ALS spinal cord homogenates. Heat denaturing or protease K digestion of the control homogenates increased the stability of the NFL mRNA to levels observed in ALS homogenate. Increased NFL mRNA stability was also induced by increasing the percentage of ALS homogenate in an admixture of control and ALS homogenates. These observations suggest the presence of trans-acting NFL mRNA-destabilizing elements in control but not in ALS spinal cord homogenates. This was confirmed in gel retardation assays. We also observed that the destabilizing elements interact with the 3-untranslated region of NFL mRNA. These findings suggest that the trans-acting NFL-destabilizing elements are selectively suppressed in ALS homogenates, resulting in an increased stability and level of NFL mRNA.With death ensuing from respiratory failure within 5 years of symptom onset for the majority of patients, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) 1 is among the most devastating of the adult onset neurodegenerative disorders. ALS (also known as Lou Gehrig's disease), characterized by degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem, and cortex, manifests as a relentlessly progressive loss of strength and function of virtually all skeletal muscles. Of concern, the prevalence is increasing at a rate greater than can be accounted for by increases in longevity of the population (1, 2). Equally unfortunately, there are no therapies available that will significantly truncate the disease progression.Intraneuronal aggregates of neurofilament (NF) in degenerating motor neurons are a key neuropathological hallmark of ALS (3-9). Although the exact origin of the NF aggregates remains to be determined, transgenic mouse models in which the overexpression of any of the low molecular weight NF (NFL), middle molecular weight NF (NFM) or high molecular weight NF (NFH) proteins is induced provokes a motor neuronopathy characterized by the presence of abnormal NF accumulations resembling those found in ALS (10 -13). Remarkably, the motor neuronopathy in transgenic mice overexpressing human NFH subunits was rescued by the co-expression of a human NFL transgene at levels that restored a correct stoichiometry of NFL to NFH subunits (14).We have previously observed significant suppressions in NFL mRNA steady state levels in cervical spinal motor neurons in ALS with in situ hybridization (15) Further,...

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“…Neurofilament proteins are associated with stabilizing the axon cytoskeleton and are found in neurons with large axons and heavy myelination [Morris and Lasek, 1982;Lawson and Waddell, 1991]. Therefore, greater numbers of NPNFP-ir neurons are associated with connectivity across long distances, and exhibit higher density in regions with intrahemispheric and callosal connections in macaque monkeys [Campbell and Morrison, 1989;Campbell et al, 1991;Hof et al, , 1996Nimchinsky et al, 1996] and more intense staining in neurons with more intracortical connectivity in rats [Kirkcaldie et al, 2002]. Because neurofilament proteins support connectivity both within and between cortical regions, an increase in brain size may call for more NPNFP expression in neurons due to a corresponding increase in connectivity [Sherwood et al, 2009].…”

Section: Possible Factors Influencing Manatee Neuron Types and Distrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuron Types in the Presumptive Primary Somatosensory Cortex of the Florida Manatee <b><i>(Trichechus manatus latirostris)</i></b>

Reyes

Stimpson²,

Gupta³

et al. 2015

Brain Behav Evol

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Within afrotherians, sirenians are unusual due to their aquatic lifestyle, large body size and relatively large lissencephalic brain. However, little is known about the neuron type distributions of the cerebral cortex in sirenians within the context of other afrotherians and aquatic mammals. The present study investigated two cortical regions, dorsolateral cortex area 1 (DL1) and cluster cortex area 2 (CL2), in the presumptive primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) to characterize cyto- and chemoarchitecture. The mean neuron density for both cortical regions was 35,617 neurons/mm³ and fell within the 95% prediction intervals relative to brain mass based on a reference group of afrotherians and xenarthrans. Densities of inhibitory interneuron subtypes labeled against calcium-binding proteins and neuropeptide Y were relatively low compared to afrotherians and xenarthrans and also formed a small percentage of the overall population of inhibitory interneurons as revealed by GAD67 immunoreactivity. Nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein-immunoreactive (NPNFP-ir) neurons comprised a mean of 60% of neurons in layer V across DL1 and CL2. DL1 contained a higher percentage of NPNFP-ir neurons than CL2, although CL2 had a higher variety of morphological types. The mean percentage of NPNFP-ir neurons in the two regions of the presumptive S1 were low compared to other afrotherians and xenarthrans but were within the 95% prediction intervals relative to brain mass, and their morphologies were comparable to those found in other afrotherians and xenarthrans. Although this specific pattern of neuron types and densities sets the manatee apart from other afrotherians and xenarthrans, the manatee isocortex does not appear to be explicitly adapted for an aquatic habitat. Many of the features that are shared between manatees and cetaceans are also shared with a diverse array of terrestrial mammals and likely represent highly conserved neural features. A comparative study across manatees and dugongs is necessary to determine whether these traits are specific to one or more of the manatee species, or can be generalized to all sirenians.

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Neurofilament triplet proteins are restricted to a subset of neurons in the rat neocortex

Cited by 65 publications

References 41 publications

Cortical Orofacial Motor Representation in Old World Monkeys, Great Apes, and Humans

Cortical Orofacial Motor Representation in Old World Monkeys, Great Apes, and Humans

Selective Loss of trans-Acting Instability Determinants of Neurofilament mRNA in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spinal Cord

Neuron Types in the Presumptive Primary Somatosensory Cortex of the Florida Manatee <b><i>(Trichechus manatus latirostris)</i></b>

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