Neurogenesis suggests independent evolution of opercula in serpulid polychaetes

Brinkmann, Nora; Wanninger, Andreas

doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-270

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Such a posterior origin of serotonin-like immunoreactivity was also detected in another phyllodocid, in syllids, nereidids, and orbiniids (Orrhage and Müller 2005 ;McDougall et al 2006 ;Fischer et al 2010 ;Helm et al 2013 ). In contrast, the investigated sabellariids, spirorbids, and sipunculans show no evidence for a posterior serotonergic cell (Brinkmann and Wanninger 2008 ;Kristof et al 2008 ;Brinkmann and Wanninger 2009 ). Later, the adult nervous system starts to develop along pathways established by the earliest peripheral neurons of the larva.…”

Section: Neurogenesismentioning

confidence: 75%

Annelida

Bleidorn¹,

Helm²,

Weigert³

et al. 2015

Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 2

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Section: Neurogenesismentioning

confidence: 75%

Annelida

Bleidorn¹,

Helm²,

Weigert³

et al. 2015

Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 2

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“…However, no co-localization of 5-HT- and FMRFa-like immunoreactivity was found in P. maculata , and P. lamarckii . At the apical extreme, early peripheral FMRFa- and 5-HT-lir neurons were also found in almost all polychaete species studied to date [42–44, 55–58]. The only exception is Owenia fusiformis , which lacks 5 HT-lir cells in the apical organ [59, 60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the nervous system in Platynereis dumerilii (Nereididae, Annelida)

2017

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BackgroundThe structure and development of the nervous system in Lophotrochozoa has long been recognized as one of the most important subjects for phylogenetic and evolutionary discussion. Many recent papers have presented comprehensive data on the structure and development of catecholaminergic, serotonergic and FMRFamidergic parts of the nervous system. However, relatively few papers contain detailed descriptions of the nervous system in Annelida, one of the largest taxa of Lophotrochozoa. The polychaete species Platynereis dumerilii has recently become one of the more popular model animals in evolutionary and developmental biology. The goal of the present study was to provide a detailed description of its neuronal development. The data obtained will contribute to a better understanding of the basic features of neuronal development in polychaetes.ResultsWe have studied the development of the nervous system in P. dumerilii utilizing histo- and immunochemical labelling of catecholamines, serotonin, FMRFamide related peptides, and acetylated tubulin. The first neuron differentiates at the posterior extremity of the protrochophore, reacts to the antibodies against both serotonin and FMRFamide. Then its fibres run forwards along the ventral side. Soon, more neurons appear at the apical extreme, and their basal neurites form the basel structure of the developing brain (cerebral neuropil and circumesophageal connectives). Initial development of the nervous system starts in two rudiments: anterior and posterior. At the nectochaete stage, segmental ganglia start to differentiate in the anterior-to-posterior direction, and the first structures of the stomatogastric and peripheral nervous system appear. All connectives including the unpaired ventral cord develop from initially paired nerves.ConclusionsWe present a detailed description of Platynereis dumerilii neuronal development based on anti-acetylated tubulin, serotonin, and FMRFamide-like immunostaining as well as catecholamine histofluorescence. The development of the nervous system starts from peripheral pioneer neurons at both the posterior and anterior poles of the larva, and their neurites form a scaffold upon which the adult central nervous system develops. The anterior-to-posterior mode of the ventral ganglia development challenges the primary heteronomy concept. Comparison with the development of Mollusca reveals substantial similarities with early neuronal development in larval Solenogastres.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12983-017-0211-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In some species it comprises a small number of flask-shaped cells (Brinkmann and Wanninger 2009). The apical ganglion is connected to prototroch and metatroch nerves in early Spirobranchus trochophores (Lacalli 1984) A pair of cerebral ganglia differentiates from cells lateral to the apical ganglion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How to make a protostome

Nielsen¹

2012

Invert. Systematics

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Abstract. The origin and radiation of the major metazoan groups can be elucidated by phylogenomic studies, but morphological evolution must be inferred from embryology and morphology of living organisms. According to the trochaea theory, protostomes are derived from a holoplanktonic gastraea with a circumblastoporal ring of downstream-collecting compound cilia (archaeotroch) and a nervous system comprising an apical ganglion and a circumblastoporal nerve ring. The pelago-benthic life cycle evolved through the addition of a benthic adult stage, with lateral blastopore closure creating a tubeshaped gut. The archaeotroch became differentiated as prototroch, metatroch and telotroch in the (trochophora) larva, but was lost in the adult. The apical ganglion was lost in the adult, as in all neuralians. Paired cerebral ganglia developed from the first micromere quartet. The circumblastoporal nerve became differentiated into a pair of ventral nerve cords with loops around mouth (the anterior part of the blastopore) and anus. Almost all new information about morphology and embryology fits the trochaea theory. The predicted presence of a perioral loop of the blastoporal nerve ring has now been demonstrated in two annelids. Alternative 'intercalation theories' propose that planktotrophic larvae evolved many times from direct-developing ancestors, but this finds no support from considerations of adaptation.

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Neurogenesis suggests independent evolution of opercula in serpulid polychaetes

Cited by 23 publications

References 57 publications

Annelida

Annelida

Development of the nervous system in Platynereis dumerilii (Nereididae, Annelida)

How to make a protostome

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