Neurohormonal Changes in the Gut–Brain Axis and Underlying Neuroendocrine Mechanisms following Bariatric Surgery

Martinou, Eirini; Stefanova, Irena; Iosif, Evangelia; Angelidi, Angeliki M.

doi:10.3390/ijms23063339

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 415 publications

(567 reference statements)

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“…The obese microbiome has an increased capacity to harvest energy from the diet ( Turnbaugh et al, 2006 ). Furthermore, GM after bariatric surgery (BS) appears to impact appetite regulation and satiety energy balance, thereby affecting weight control and metabolism ( Martinou et al, 2022 ). Moreover, there is growing evidence that several natural herbs can effectively improve dyslipidemia by regulating gut flora ( Jia et al, 2021 ), though their metabolic benefits and mechanisms are still not fully understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global trends in research on irritable bowel syndrome and the brain–gut axis: Bibliometrics and visualization analysis

Xiong

Zhong

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder with no structural damage, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Studies have shown that the brain–gut axis is closely related to the occurrence of IBS. However, studies of IBS related to the brain–gut axis have not been systematically analyzed by bibliometrics and visual analysis. This study is based on 631 publications in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) to analyze hot spots and trends in this field. The collaborations between different authors, institutions, countries, and keywords were bibliometrically analyzed by CiteSpace software. Meanwhile, VOSviewer analyzed the references. The results show that since 2012, the number of publications has been growing rapidly. According to the collaborative network analysis, the United States, the National University of Ireland, Cork, and J.F. Cryan are the countries, institutions, and authors contributing the most, respectively. Through keywords and literature analysis, mechanisms and therapy associated with IBS and the brain–gut axis have still been a research focus in recent years. Furthermore, the physiological and pathological mechanisms of the brain–gut axis influencing IBS (related to gastrointestinal dysfunction, vagus nerve, visceral pain, intestinal flora, serotonin, tryptophan metabolism, stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and malonyldialdehyde) are the future research trends, especially the mechanisms related to intestinal flora. This is the first bibliometric and visualization analysis of IBS and brain–gut axis-related literature to explore research hotspots and trends.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global trends in research on irritable bowel syndrome and the brain–gut axis: Bibliometrics and visualization analysis

Xiong

Zhong

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Vagal chemoreceptors are also likely to be involved in the communication between the brain and gut microbiota through the sensation of short-chain fatty acids and gut hormones [ 40 ]. Vagal branches carry afferent satiety signals from the stomach and other areas of the GI tract to the brainstem and is an important modulator of appetite and food intake [ 67 ]. Vagal stimulation leads to a reduction in food intake, weight gain, and adipose tissue accumulation through increase CNS satiety signal [ 67 ].…”

Section: The Vagus Nerve and Its Role In The Gut-brain Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vagal branches carry afferent satiety signals from the stomach and other areas of the GI tract to the brainstem and is an important modulator of appetite and food intake [ 67 ]. Vagal stimulation leads to a reduction in food intake, weight gain, and adipose tissue accumulation through increase CNS satiety signal [ 67 ]. We summarize the entire story of healthy versus dysbiotic states that regulated by the vagus nerve in Fig.…”

Section: The Vagus Nerve and Its Role In The Gut-brain Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A low vagal tone has been studied and characterized in conditions including irritable bowel syndrome and irritable bowel disease, as well as a state of gut dysbiosis and low-grade inflammation in the GI tract [ 40 ]. Experimental studies with rat and human models show that increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity results in increased lipolysis rate in adipose tissue, and that lipid accumulation could be due to reduced SNS activity in obese models rather than increased parasympathetic nervous activity [ 67 ].…”

Section: Additional Conditions That May Affect the Gut-brain Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prevention of Inflammation and the Maintenance of Iron and Hepcidin Homeostasis in the Gut, Liver, and Brain Pathologies

Kania

Sotelo

et al. 2023

JAD

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The human gut microbiome consists of a variety of microorganisms that inhabit the intestinal tract. This flora has recently been shown to play an important role in human disease. The crosstalk between the gut and brain axis has been investigated through hepcidin, derived from both hepatocytes and dendritic cells. Hepcidin could potentially play an anti-inflammatory role in the process of gut dysbiosis through a means of either a localized approach of nutritional immunity, or a systemic approach. Like hepcidin, mBDNF and IL-6 are part of the gut-brain axis: gut microbiota affects their levels of expression, and this relationship is thought to play a role in cognitive function and decline, which could ultimately lead to a number of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. This review will focus on the interplay between gut dysbiosis and the crosstalk between the gut, liver, and brain and how this is mediated by hepcidin through different mechanisms including the vagus nerve and several different biomolecules. This overview will also focus on the gut microbiota-induced dysbiotic state on a systemic level, and how gut dysbiosis can contribute to beginnings and the progression of Alzheimer’s disease and neuroinflammation.

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“…Thus, it is likely that they play a major role in altered gut-braincommunication in individuals after bariatric surgery. For Reviews see [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct adaptations of endocrine and cognitive functions may contribute to high variability in long-term weight loss outcome after bariatric surgery

Lammert

Medawar

Hartmann

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Bariatric surgery has been widely recognized as the most efficient long-term treatment method in severe obesity, yet therapy success shows considerable interindividual variability. Postoperative metabolic adaptations, including improved gut hormone secretion (GLP-1, PYY and ghrelin), and restored executive function may play an explanatory role in weight loss, yet causes for poor success in individual patients remain unknown. This study investigates gut-hormonal and cognitive characteristics in extreme weight loss responders to bariatric surgery. Methods: Patients (n=47) with high or low excessive weight loss (EWL) at least 2 years after Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy were allocated into good responders (GR, EWL 82.4 +/- 11.6%) and poor responders (PR, EWL 24.0 +/- SD 12.8%) to study differences in postprandial secretion of GLP-1, PYY, ghrelin and in working memory (WM). Results: Mean BMI was 47.1 +/- 6.2 kg/m^2 in poor responders (n=21) and 28.9 +/- 3.1 kg/m^2 in good responders (n=26, p < 0.001). Fasted GLP-1 and PYY were comparable for GR and PR (p > 0.2) and increased strongly after a standardized test meal (300 kcal liquid meal) with a peak at 15 to 30 minutes. The increase was stronger in GR compared to PR (GLP-1, PYY: Time x Group p < 0.05). Plasma ghrelin levels already differed between groups at fasted state, showing significantly higher levels for GR (p < 0.05). Postprandially, ghrelin secretion was suppressed in both groups, but suppression was higher in GR (Time x Group p < 0.05). GR showed significantly higher WM scores than PR (p < 0.05). Postprandial ghrelin (iAUC), but not GLP-1 or PYY release, significantly mediated the relationship between EWL and a WM subscore (IS score, CI = 0.07 - 1.68), but not WM main score (MIS score, CI = -0.07 - 1.54). Conclusion: Excess weight loss success after bariatric surgical procedures is associated with distinct profiles of gut-hormones at fasted and postprandial state, and differences in working memory. Working memory performance was partly mediated by postprandial incremental drops in ghrelin. Future studies need to integrate longitudinal data, larger samples and more sensitive cognitive tests.

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Neurohormonal Changes in the Gut–Brain Axis and Underlying Neuroendocrine Mechanisms following Bariatric Surgery

Cited by 33 publications

References 415 publications

Global trends in research on irritable bowel syndrome and the brain–gut axis: Bibliometrics and visualization analysis

Global trends in research on irritable bowel syndrome and the brain–gut axis: Bibliometrics and visualization analysis

The Prevention of Inflammation and the Maintenance of Iron and Hepcidin Homeostasis in the Gut, Liver, and Brain Pathologies

Distinct adaptations of endocrine and cognitive functions may contribute to high variability in long-term weight loss outcome after bariatric surgery

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