Neurohormones and Sleep

Frénette, Éric; Lui, Alben; Cao, Michelle

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394623-2.00001-9

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Other key stimuli for secretion include nutrition, exercise, body composition, and the onset of deep sleep. 10–13 Distinct sex-specific secretion patterns are apparent. 14,15…”

Section: Gh Secretion and Physiological Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting growth hormone function: strategies and therapeutic applications

Flanagan

Langley

et al. 2019

Sig Transduct Target Ther

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Human growth hormone (GH) is a classical pituitary endocrine hormone that is essential for normal postnatal growth and has pleiotropic effects across multiple physiological systems. GH is also expressed in extrapituitary tissues and has localized autocrine/paracrine effects at these sites. In adults, hypersecretion of GH causes acromegaly, and strategies that block the release of GH or that inhibit GH receptor (GHR) activation are the primary forms of medical therapy for this disease. Overproduction of GH has also been linked to cancer and the microvascular complications that are associated with diabetes. However, studies to investigate the therapeutic potential of GHR antagonism in these diseases have been limited, most likely due to difficulty in accessing therapeutic tools to study the pharmacology of the receptor in vivo. This review will discuss current and emerging strategies for antagonizing GH function and the potential disease indications.

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“…Other key stimuli for secretion include nutrition, exercise, body composition, and the onset of deep sleep. 10–13 Distinct sex-specific secretion patterns are apparent. 14,15…”

Section: Gh Secretion and Physiological Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting growth hormone function: strategies and therapeutic applications

Flanagan

Langley

et al. 2019

Sig Transduct Target Ther

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“…Spectrograms will be used to assist and accelerate sleep staging by trained sleep physicians. C-1-Awake: active wakefulness presents with strong alpha activity (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) in both, the raw EEG and the power spectrum. C-2-NREM Sleep: absence of spindles and predominance of slow delta waves (0.5-2 Hz) in sleep stage 3 are observed.…”

Section: Primary Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Downloaded from Furthermore, inflammatory factors involved in acute illness, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α, contribute to sleep regulation and promote slow-wave sleep. [11][12][13] Next to the causes directly related to surgical trauma, additional factors related to ICU care play a key role in the pathophysiology of insomnia. Medications adversely affect normal sleep physiology: opioids and benzodiazepines are used to manage pain and insomnia in the ICU and can alter sleep architecture by suppressing slow-wave sleep and REM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effects of the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant on sleep architecture and delirium in the intensive care unit

et al. 2020

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IntroductionInsomnia frequently occurs in patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Sleep-promoting agents may reduce rapid eye movement sleep and have deliriogenic effects. Suvorexant (Belsomra) is an orexin receptor antagonist with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of adult insomnia, which improves sleep onset and maintenance as well as subjective measures of quality of sleep. This trial will evaluate the efficacy of postoperative oral suvorexant treatment on night-time wakefulness after persistent sleep onset as well as the incidence and duration of delirium among adult cardiac surgical patients.Methods and analysisIn this single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we will enrol 120 patients, aged 60 years or older, undergoing elective cardiac surgery with planned postoperative admission to the ICU. Participants will be randomised to receive oral suvorexant (20 mg) or placebo one time a day starting the night after extubation. The primary outcome will be wakefulness after persistent sleep onset. The secondary outcome will be total sleep time. Exploratory outcomes will include time to sleep onset, incidence of postoperative in-hospital delirium, number of delirium-free days and subjective sleep quality.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained through the ‘Committee on Clinical Investigations’ at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (protocol number 2019P000759). The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberThis trial has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov on 17 September 2019 (NCT04092894).

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“…Aanat2 is a rate-limiting enzyme in melatonin synthesis, and the rhythm of melatonin secretion is considered to be an output of the circadian rhythm in the brain (Nowak et al 1989;Appelbaum et al 2006). The development of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and the pituitary gland was also examined using tyrosine hydroxylase 1 (th1) and growth hormone (gh) as a maker, respectively, since DA neuron activity in the hypothalamus is regulated by the SCN (Mendoza & Challet 2014) and Gh secretion from the pituitary is tightly coupled with the light-dark cycle (Frenette et al 2012). In the PG, tph1a expression started 48 hpf, when we started sampling, and before aanat2 expression, which started 54 hpf (Figs 2J and S1).…”

Section: Development Of Circadian Rhythm In Flounder Embryomentioning

confidence: 99%

Early development of circadian rhythmicity in the suprachiamatic nuclei and pineal gland of teleost, flounder (Paralichthys olivaeus), embryos

et al. 2015

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Circadian rhythms enable organisms to coordinate multiple physiological processes and behaviors with the earth's rotation. In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the sole master circadian pacemaker, has entrainment mechanisms that set the circadian rhythm to a 24-h cycle with photic signals from retina. In contrast, the zebrafish SCN is not a circadian pacemaker, instead the pineal gland (PG) houses the major circadian oscillator. The SCN of flounder larvae, unlike that of zebrafish, however, expresses per2 with a rhythmicity of daytime/ON and nighttime/OFF. Here, we examined whether the rhythm of per2 expression in the flounder SCN represents the molecular clock. We also examined early development of the circadian rhythmicity in the SCN and PG. Our three major findings were as follows. First, rhythmic per2 expression in the SCN was maintained under 24 h dark (DD) conditions, indicating that a molecular clock exists in the flounder SCN. Second, onset of circadian rhythmicity in the SCN preceded that in the PG. Third, both 24 h light (LL) and DD conditions deeply affected the development of circadian rhythmicity in the SCN and PG. This is the first report dealing with the early development of circadian rhythmicity in the SCN in fish.

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Neurohormones and Sleep

Cited by 9 publications

References 68 publications

Targeting growth hormone function: strategies and therapeutic applications

Targeting growth hormone function: strategies and therapeutic applications

Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effects of the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant on sleep architecture and delirium in the intensive care unit

Early development of circadian rhythmicity in the suprachiamatic nuclei and pineal gland of teleost, flounder (Paralichthys olivaeus), embryos

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