Neuroimaging and modulation in obesity and diabetes research: 10th anniversary meeting

Laughlin, Maren R.; Cooke, Bradley; Boutelle, Kerri N.; Savage, Cary R.; Kravitz, Alexxai V.; Arvanitakis, Zoe; Martin, Alex; Stoeckel, Luke E.

doi:10.1038/s41366-021-01025-8

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…Our and macronutrient composition of study food, and the stage assessed (hunger, satiation, or postprandial fullness). 19,[22][23][24] This is the first pCASL study to assess these neurohormonal changes during the three main stages of food intake, in three distinct groups of participants, using a standardized and validated NDT that induced maximal fullness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, this complexity represents a crucial challenge when interpreting results and drawing conclusions 19–21 . This limitation depends largely on the neuroimaging technique used (ASL, blood oxygenation level dependent [BOLD] MRI, positron emission tomography [PET], single‐photon emission computerized tomography [SPECT]), individual characteristics (age, gender, and eating habits), the type (ingestive, visual, hormonal) and via of delivery (oral, intragastric, infused) of the investigated stimulus, the palatability and macronutrient composition of study food, and the stage assessed (hunger, satiation, or postprandial fullness) 19,22–24 . This is the first pCASL study to assess these neurohormonal changes during the three main stages of food intake, in three distinct groups of participants, using a standardized and validated NDT that induced maximal fullness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurohormonal response patterns to hunger, satiation, and postprandial fullness in normal weight, anorexia nervosa, and obesity

Campos,

Marek,

Calderon

et al. 2023

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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BackgroundFood intake is regulated by homeostatic and hedonic systems that interact in a complex neuro‐hormonal network. Dysregulation in energy intake can lead to obesity (OB) or anorexia nervosa (AN). However, little is known about the neurohormonal response patterns to food intake in normal weight (NW), OB, and AN.Material & MethodsDuring an ad libitum nutrient drink (Ensure®) test (NDT), participants underwent three pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) MRI scans. The first scan was performed before starting the NDT after a > 12 h overnight fast (Hunger), the second after reaching maximal fullness (Satiation), and the third 30‐min after satiation (postprandial fullness). We measured blood levels of ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon‐like peptide (GLP‐1), and peptide YY (PYY) with every pCASL‐MRI scan. Semiquantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps in mL/100 gr brain/min were calculated and normalized (nCBF) with the CBF in the frontoparietal white matter. The hypothalamus (HT), nucleus accumbens [NAc] and dorsal striatum [DS] were selected as regions of interest (ROIs).ResultsA total of 53 participants, 7 with AN, 17 with NW (body‐mass index [BMI] 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), and 29 with OB (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) completed the study. The NW group had a progressive decrease in all five ROIs during the three stages of food intake (hunger, satiation, and post‐prandial fullness). In contrast, participants with OB showed a minimal change from hunger to postprandial fullness in all five ROIs. The AN group had a sustained nCBF in the HT and DS, from hunger to satiation, with a subsequent decrease in nCBF from satiation to postprandial fullness. All three groups had similar hormonal response patterns with a decrease in ghrelin, an increase in GLP‐1 and PYY, and no change in CCK.ConclusionConditions of regulated (NW) and dysregulated (OB and AN) energy intake are associated with distinctive neurohormonal activity patterns in response to hunger, satiation, and postprandial fullness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurohormonal response patterns to hunger, satiation, and postprandial fullness in normal weight, anorexia nervosa, and obesity

Campos,

Marek,

Calderon

et al. 2023

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Electrical stimulation in special clinical situations

Van der Steld

2024

J. Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Introduction: Neuromodulation is an approach used to treat diseases that are refractory to clinical treatments by employing electrical and chemical stimulation techniques, especially in cardiac, neurological, and psychiatric disorders. Objective: This study aims to provide an overview of the latest developments in neuromodulation therapies that use electrical stimulation. Methods and results: The present study describes the most common neuromodulation techniques. Neuroplasticity is used to adjust the ions and neural excitability in response to central and peripheral nervous system stimulation. The spinal cord, dorsal root, and gastric stimulations are effective treatments for neuropathies, chronic pain, muscle spasticity, epilepsy, depression, cluster headaches, heart failure, and gastroparesis symptoms. Deep brain stimulation and invasive cortical stimulation are medical procedures used selectively to treat Parkinson’s disease, dystonia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and chronic pain. Barostimulation therapy is beneficial in controlling refractory hypertension, reducing the risk of cardiovascular events, and improving overall quality of life. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is a recommended treatment option for fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain, chronic headaches, treatment-resistant depression, generalized anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and attention deficit disorder. While controlling obesity shows promise in regulating appetite and promoting satiety, more research is needed to understand the safety and efficacy of these therapies in various groups. Conclusion: Neuromodulation devices hold promise for treating diseases that do not respond to clinical treatments. Additional clinical trials and studies are required to understand it fully.

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Integrative Hedonic and Homeostatic Food Intake Regulation by the Central Nervous System: Insights from Neuroimaging

2022

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Food intake regulation in humans is a complex process controlled by the dynamic interaction of homeostatic and hedonic systems. Homeostatic regulation is controlled by appetitive signals from the gut, adipose tissue, and the vagus nerve, while conscious and unconscious reward processes orchestrate hedonic regulation. On the one hand, sight, smell, taste, and texture perception deliver potent food-related feedback to the central nervous system (CNS) and influence brain areas related to food reward. On the other hand, macronutrient composition stimulates the release of appetite signals from the gut, which are translated in the CNS into unconscious reward processes. This multi-level regulation process of food intake shapes and regulates human ingestive behavior. Identifying the interface between hormones, neurotransmitters, and brain areas is critical to advance our understanding of conditions like obesity and develop better therapeutical interventions. Neuroimaging studies allow us to take a glance into the central nervous system (CNS) while these processes take place. This review focuses on the available neuroimaging evidence to describe this interaction between the homeostatic and hedonic components in human food intake regulation.

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Neuroimaging and modulation in obesity and diabetes research: 10th anniversary meeting

Cited by 4 publications

References 99 publications

Neurohormonal response patterns to hunger, satiation, and postprandial fullness in normal weight, anorexia nervosa, and obesity

Neurohormonal response patterns to hunger, satiation, and postprandial fullness in normal weight, anorexia nervosa, and obesity

Electrical stimulation in special clinical situations

Integrative Hedonic and Homeostatic Food Intake Regulation by the Central Nervous System: Insights from Neuroimaging

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