Neuroimaging and neuromodulation of invisible symptoms in multiple sclerosis

Ayache, Samar S.; Chalah, Moussa A.

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2024.1376095

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 53 publications

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“…In NMOSD, patients also commonly experience cognitive impairment, with a potential of attack-independent deterioration 7 . Structural abnormalities in brain white and grey matter, along with functional alterations in strategic brain networks, may contribute to cognitive impairment in these patients through grey matter damage or disconnections in essential cognitive regions 8 , 9 . The cumulative burden of these disconnections leads to cognitive decline, but a higher brain reserve may delay its onset despite severe disease burden 5 , 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital symbol-digit modalities test with modified flexible protocols in patients with CNS demyelinating diseases

Seo,

So,

Kim

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Cognitive impairment (CI) is prevalent in central nervous system demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). We developed a novel tablet-based modified digital Symbol Digit Modalities Test (MD-SDMT) with adjustable protocols that feature alternating symbol-digit combinations in each trial, lasting one or two minutes. We assessed 144 patients (99 with MS and 45 with NMOSD) using both MD-SDMT protocols and the traditional paper-based SDMT. We also gathered participants’ feedback through a questionnaire regarding their preferences and perceived reliability. The results showed strong correlations between MD-SDMT and paper-based SDMT scores (Pearsons correlation: 0.88 for 2 min; 0.85 for 1 min, both p < 0.001). Among the 120 respondents, the majority preferred the digitalized SDMT (55% for the 2 min, 39% for the 1 min) over the paper-based version (6%), with the 2 min MD-SDMT reported as the most reliable test. Notably, patients with NMOSD and older individuals exhibited a preference for the paper-based test, as compared to those with MS and younger patients. In summary, even with short test durations, the digitalized SDMT effectively evaluates cognitive function in MS and NMOSD patients, and is generally preferred over the paper-based method, although preferences may vary with patient characteristics.

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