Neuroimaging Appearance of Cerebral Malignant Epithelioid Glioneuronal Tumors in Children

Abstract

Malignant epithelioid glioneuronal tumor is a rare high-grade, aggressive brain tumor that shows both glial and neuronal differentiation on histopathology but is not included in the current World Health Organization classification. The neuroimaging appearance is variable but may be secondary to the size of the mass and/or location of the tumor. In our series, all epithelioid glioneuronal tumors were encountered in the supratentorial space and included pineal, temporal, and extratemporal lobar cerebral hemisphere locations. When large, the tumors demonstrate cystic degeneration and necrosis, hemorrhage, contrast enhancement, and regions of low apparent diffusion coefficient scalars consistent with patterns seen with other high-grade pediatric brain tumors. The tumors also have a propensity to spread into the meninges at presentation and for distant CSF spread on follow-up imaging.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Primary Tumors 0f the Central Nervous System According to Anatomical Location and Type of Lesion in a Level IV Hospital in Colombia in the Period Between 2008-2019

“…However, compared to previous studies, it draws our attention that mortality [32][33][34] is maintained and with a tendency to decrease as a result of the implementation of new therapeutic regimens [35][36][37] included in those considered to present better outcomes for patients who undergo some type of radiotherapy in combination with new surgical approaches within which it is suggested that they be minimally invasive and before performing the procedure, they are also accompanied by very good interdisciplinary planning. On the other hand, a higher incidence of meningiomas had been described [38][39][40], however, it was able to denote that although it continues to be high in our study, it was surpassed by tumors derived from glia [41][42][43]. The most frequent location of brain tumors, in what was show, is the anterior fossa, wherein gliomas and meningiomas are most frequently seen.…”

Glioneuronal Tumors: Insights into a Rare Tumor Entity

“…In general, radiological studies acknowledge overlap of imaging features between glioneuronal tumors and other tumors, which complicates radiographic diagnosis (82). Large tumors demonstrate cystic degeneration and necrosis, hemorrhage, contrast enhancement, and regions of low apparent diffusion coefficient consistent with patterns seen with other high-grade pediatric brain tumors (83). Broadly, glioneuronal tumors are characterized by the presence of a solid/cystic mass in periventricular location with septations and a solid inner component (84) (Figure 3).…”