Neuroimaging correlates of parent ratings of working memory in typically developing children

Mahone, E. Mark; Martin, Rebecca; Kates, Wendy R.; Hay, Trisha; Horská, Alena

doi:10.1017/s1355617708090164

Cited by 58 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…Standardized scores were used for all performance-based measures and rating scales. Outlier scores were truncated to four standard deviations to reduce skewness (Mahone et al, 2009). In order to determine if outcome measures changed significantly, we conducted paired t-tests for behavior functions, and a repeated measures ANOVA on the ten composite scores provided by the CNS-VS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive remediation for adolescents with 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS): A preliminary study examining effectiveness, feasibility, and fidelity of a hybrid strategy, remote and computer-based intervention

Mariano¹,

Tang²,

Kurtz³

et al. 2015

Schizophrenia Research

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Background 22q11DS is a multiple anomaly syndrome involving intellectual and behavioral deficits, and increased risk for schizophrenia. As cognitive remediation (CR) has recently been found to improve cognition in younger patients with schizophrenia, we investigated the efficacy, feasibility, and fidelity of a remote, hybrid strategy, computerized CR program in youth with 22q11DS. Methods A longitudinal design was implemented in which 21 participants served as their own controls. Following an eight month baseline period in which no interventions were provided, cognitive coaches met with participants remotely for CR via video conferencing three times a week over a targeted 8 month timeframe and facilitated their progress through the intervention, offering task-specific strategies. A subset of strategies were examined for fidelity. Outcomes were evaluated using a neurocognitive test battery at baseline, pre-treatment and post-treatment. Results All participants adhered to the intervention. The mean length of the treatment phase was 7.96 months. A moderately high correlation (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.73) was found for amount and type of strategies offered by coaches. Participants exhibited significant improvements (ES = .36–.55, p ≤ .009) in working memory, shifting attention and cognitive flexibility. All significant models were driven by improvements in pre to post-treatment scores. Conclusions Based on our preliminary investigation, a remote, hybrid strategy, computerized CR program can be implemented with 22q11DS youth despite geographic location, health, and cognitive deficits. It appears effective in enhancing cognitive skills during the developmental period of adolescence, making this type of CR delivery useful for youth with 22q11DS transitioning into post-school environments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive remediation for adolescents with 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS): A preliminary study examining effectiveness, feasibility, and fidelity of a hybrid strategy, remote and computer-based intervention

Mariano¹,

Tang²,

Kurtz³

et al. 2015

Schizophrenia Research

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“…Frontal and parietal grey matter volume (Mahone, Martin, Kates, Hay, & Horska, 2009; Rossi et al., 2013), and temporal and parietal connections of the corpus callosum (Treble et al., 2013), are significant predictors of a participant's working memory capacity. However, these studies either investigate narrow age ranges or statistically correct for the effect of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in brain morphology and working memory capacity across childhood

Bathelt

Gathercole

Johnson

et al. 2017

Developmental Science

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Working memory (WM) skills are closely associated with learning progress in key areas such as reading and mathematics across childhood. As yet, however, little is known about how the brain systems underpinning WM develop over this critical developmental period. The current study investigated whether and how structural brain correlates of components of the working memory system change over development. Verbal and visuospatial short‐term and working memory were assessed in 153 children between 5.58 and 15.92 years, and latent components of the working memory system were derived. Fractional anisotropy and cortical thickness maps were derived from T1‐weighted and diffusion‐weighted MRI and processed using eigenanatomy decomposition. There was a greater involvement of the corpus callosum and posterior temporal white matter in younger children for performance associated with the executive part of the working memory system. For older children, this was more closely linked with the thickness of the occipitotemporal cortex. These findings suggest that increasing specialization leads to shifts in the contribution of neural substrates over childhood, moving from an early dependence on a distributed system supported by long‐range connections to later reliance on specialized local circuitry. Our findings demonstrate that despite the component factor structure being stable across childhood, the underlying brain systems supporting working memory change. Taking the age of the child into account, and not just their overall score, is likely to be critical for understanding the nature of the limitations on their working memory capacity.

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“…Studies consistently find that N-back performance is associated with activation in prefrontal and parietal cortical regions widely recognized as the primary neural substrates that underlie working memory processes (Garlinghouse, Roth, Isquith, Flashman, & Saykin, 2010; Goldman-Rakic, 1995; Grön, 1998; Mahone, Martin, Kates, Hay, & Horská, 2009; Owen, McMillan, Laird, & Bullmore, 2005; Petrides, 1995; Smith & Jonides, 1998). Patterns of neural activation associated with N-back performance have been shown to vary with the type of information held in working memory (e.g., verbal or spatial), as well as task difficulty (0, 1, 2-back; see Rottschy et al, 2012; Smith & Jonides, 1998 for reviews).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical utility of the N-back task in functional neuroimaging studies of working memory

Jacola

Willard

Ashford

et al. 2014

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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Introduction N-back tasks are commonly used in functional neuroimaging studies to identify the neural mechanisms supporting working memory (WM). Despite widespread use, the clinical utility of these tasks is not well specified. This study compared N-back performance during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with task data acquired outside of the scanner as a measure of reliability across environment. N-back task validity was examined in relation to performance and rater-based measures used clinically to assess working memory. Method Forty-three healthy adults completed Verbal and Object N-back tasks during fMRI scanning and outside the scanner. Task difficulty was varied parametrically (0, 1, and 2-back conditions). Order of N-back task completion was stratified by modality (Verbal/Object) and environment. Participants completed the Digit Span [DS] and provided self-ratings using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function [BRIEF-WM]). Results Mean Verbal and Object N-back accuracy was above 95% across load conditions; task difficulty was effectively manipulated across load conditions. Performance accuracy did not significantly differ by environment. N-back reaction time was slower during fMRI (F =6.52, p=.01, ηp2=.13); participants were faster when initially completing tasks outside the scanner (ηp2=.10–.15). Verbal 2-back accuracy was significantly related to DS performance (r = .36, p = .02). N-back performance was not related to BRIEF-WM. Conclusions Our results provide evidence for reliability of N-back accuracy during fMRI scanning; however, reliability of reaction time data is affected by order of task presentation. Data regarding construct validity are inconsistent and emphasize the need to consider clinical utility of behavioral measures in the design and interpretation of functional neuroimaging studies.

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Neuroimaging correlates of parent ratings of working memory in typically developing children

Cited by 58 publications

References 71 publications

Cognitive remediation for adolescents with 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS): A preliminary study examining effectiveness, feasibility, and fidelity of a hybrid strategy, remote and computer-based intervention

Cognitive remediation for adolescents with 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS): A preliminary study examining effectiveness, feasibility, and fidelity of a hybrid strategy, remote and computer-based intervention

Differences in brain morphology and working memory capacity across childhood

Clinical utility of the N-back task in functional neuroimaging studies of working memory

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