Neuroimaging in Superficial Siderosis: An In-Depth Look

Kumar, Neeraj

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a1628

Cited by 153 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Posti et al reported that of 27 cases undergoing surgical intervention, disease progression was halted in 13 patients, four patients clinically improved, five patients had further clinical deterioration, whilst five patients sustained other complications [12]. Kumar et al reported a case of superficial siderosis where intradural exploration did not identified a bleeding source [7,9,10,13,14]. Egawa et al reported two cases of superficial siderosis where the patients had dural defects with fluid-filled collections in the spinal canals, which were successfully closed [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superficial siderosis following trauma to the cervical spine: Case series and review of literature

Sinha¹,

Camp²,

Akram³

et al. 2017

IJCRI

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International Journal of Case Reports and Images (IJCRI) is an international, peer reviewed, monthly, open access, online journal, publishing high-quality, articles in all areas of basic medical sciences and clinical specialties.Aim of IJCRI is to encourage the publication of new information by providing a platform for reporting of unique, unusual and rare cases which enhance understanding of disease process, its diagnosis, management and clinico-pathologic correlations. IJCRI publishes ABSTRACTSuperficial siderosis is a rare progressive disease associated with chronic hemosiderin deposition on the surfaces of the central nervous system (CNS). It typically manifests clinically in sensorineural hearing loss, cerebellar ataxia, and pyramidal signs. Recurrent or continuous bleeding into the cerebrospinal fluid is implicated in the disease process. The magnetic resonance imaging gradient-echo T2-weighted images have high sensitivity for hemosiderin deposits that bathe the CNS, giving the characteristic black rimmed area of hypointensity apparent on these images. The natural history and its treatments are still not clearly defined in literature. Our report details the clinical course and management of three cases of superficial siderosis following either cervical spine or brachial plexus injury. All of them underwent surgical intervention. In two of the cases, positive cessation of the intradural bleeding was achieved through surgery but clinical and radiological improvement occurred in only one of the cases. One patient had a negative intradural exploration. To date, 30 cases of superficial siderosis reported in the literature have undergone surgical intervention. Cessation of disease progression or neurological improvement has been documented in 18 of these cases. Our cases reveal that patients with superficial siderosis often develop severe functional impairment due to the progressive nature of the disease. On balance, we are of the opinion that early craniospinal imaging and surgical exploration should be undertaken, at least to attempt to halt neurological deterioration.(This page in not part of the published article.)International Journal of Case Reports and Images, Vol. cervical spine or brachial plexus injury. All of them underwent surgical intervention. In two of the cases, positive cessation of the intradural bleeding was achieved through surgery but clinical and radiological improvement occurred in only one of the cases. One patient had a negative intradural exploration. To date, 30 cases of superficial siderosis reported in the literature have undergone surgical intervention. Cessation of disease progression or neurological improvement has been documented in 18 of these cases. Our cases reveal that patients with superficial siderosis often develop severe functional impairment due to the progressive nature of the disease. On balance, we are of the opinion that early craniospinal imaging and surgical exploration should be undertaken, at least to attempt to halt neurological deterioration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superficial siderosis following trauma to the cervical spine: Case series and review of literature

Sinha¹,

Camp²,

Akram³

et al. 2017

IJCRI

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“…In fact, in a few reports of superficial siderosis, when a dural defect was detected, surgical repair of the dural tear with duraplasty stopped the bleeding. 23 Moreover, a recent study described "duropathies" as conditions, like craniospinal hypovolemia, multisegmental amyotrophy, and STSCH, in which the common denominator was the presence of a dural defect with an intraspinal fluid collection, accompanied by superficial siderosis. 24 To our knowledge, our 3 cases represent the first descriptions of superficial siderosis, which might indicate a long-standing complication of STSCH surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postoperative MR Imaging of Spontaneous Transdural Spinal Cord Herniation: Expected Findings and Complications

Gaudino

Colantonio

Schiarelli

et al. 2015

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Spontaneous transdural spinal cord herniation is no longer a rare cause of myelopathy. The high frequency of diagnoses has led to an increase in the number of surgical procedures. The purpose of this study was to describe the spectrum of postoperative MR imaging findings concerning spontaneous transdural spinal cord herniation and to provide a practical imaging approach for differentiating expected changes and complications after an operation.

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“…pial layers of the central nervous system as a result of recurrent bleeding into the subarachnoid space [4]. In many cases, the cause of SS may remain unknown after extensive investigations [4,5]. Among the well-known causes, SS is most commonly caused by a spinal dural defect in 47% of cases.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MRI is the best available imaging technique to diagnose SS [5]. Pial and ependymal hemosiderin staining typically gives rise to hypointense layer of signals best demonstrated with gradient echo sequence.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superficial Siderosis From Radiation-Induced Cavernoma of Brain

Montini

2014

J Neurol Res

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We report a unique case of superficial siderosis (SS) from radiationinduced cavernous angioma of brain. Cavernous malformations of brain and SS were identified 9 years after the patient underwent resection of fourth ventricle medulloblastoma along with craniospinal radiation and chemotherapy. His most recent clinical assessment at the age of 23 years, revealed bilateral high-frequency sensory neural hearing loss at audiology along with gaze-evoked nystagmus and slight impairment of tandem walking.

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Neuroimaging in Superficial Siderosis: An In-Depth Look

Cited by 153 publications

References 62 publications

Superficial siderosis following trauma to the cervical spine: Case series and review of literature

Superficial siderosis following trauma to the cervical spine: Case series and review of literature

Postoperative MR Imaging of Spontaneous Transdural Spinal Cord Herniation: Expected Findings and Complications

Superficial Siderosis From Radiation-Induced Cavernoma of Brain

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