Neuroimaging of Migrational Disorders in Pediatric Epilepsy

FDG PET of the Brain in Pediatric Patients: Imaging Spectrum with MR Imaging Correlation

“…Correlation with MR imaging, preferably with fusion of the PET and MR images, is crucial to avoid misdiagnosing gray matter heterotopia as subclinical ictal phenomena (54). FDG PET is indicated in the presurgical evaluation of the epileptic patient with heterotopia, to search for additional epileptogenic foci because their presence could preclude a successful surgical outcome (55).…”

“…Focal cortical dysplasia is one of the most common causes of intractable epilepsy in young children (62) (Figs 8, 9). A wide variety of cortical mantle changes can be found in focal cortical dysplasia, ranging from microscopic abnormalities not detectable with imaging to tumorlike lesions, usually associated with seizures and variable degrees of neurologic and cognitive deficits (55,63). At FDG PET, the lesions will typically exhibit hypometabolism.…”

Seizures in Children with Brain Tumours — Epidemiology, Significance, Management, and Outcomes

“…Meanwhile, in their 2010 review of eleven clinical trials for anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) conducted over the preceding two years, Jansky et al noted that none of the trials required MRI as part of the patient enrollment protocol [128]. Increasingly, with advances in imaging and the recognition that the resection of epileptogenic lesions is both safe and effective for many patients, there seems to be growing opinion that the initial work-up of new-onset non-febrile seizures in children should include both an EEG and MRI, despite the likelihood that the majority of imaging studies will be either normal or inconclusive [134,135]. As discussed in the next section, mounting evidence suggests that new-onset seizures in the setting of a tumour, and conversely, tumours in the setting of new-onset seizures both have therapeutic and prognostic implications.…”