), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) v The past two decades have witnessed an explosion of imaging research focused on the human brain. In large part, this growth has been fueled by the emergence of noninvasive, widely available, and relatively low-cost imaging tools that provide precise measurements of brain anatomy and function. The beginning of this era can be tied to the development of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the early 1990s. Prior to this, knowledge of human brain function was derived primarily from the careful study of patients with focal brain lesions. In the decade following its development, fMRI provided the neuropsychologist and cognitive neuroscientist with an implement to validate lesion models by examining brain function in healthy individuals. This trend lead to the development and validation of a wide range of task activation paradigms for probing higher-order cognitive processes, such as language, memory, and attention. As novel and refined models of cognitive systems emerged from fMRI studies of intact individuals, neuroscientists began to apply fMRI to understanding brain disorders. The volume edited by Cohen and Sweet is both unique and timely, since it distills the most important scientific discoveries derived from imaging investigations conducted on clinical populations.The book begins with clear and concise descriptions of the technical and physiological underpinnings of imaging tools that play key roles in investigating clinical disorders. Although fMRI is highlighted, a series of chapters also describe perfusion and diffusion MRI, MR spectroscopy, and optical imaging. The chapter provides critical background information that is comprehensible to the reader without formal training in MR physics. Most contemporary imaging studies take the advantage of multiple imaging strategies for interrogating brain function in clinical populations. As an example, it is no longer unusual for such a study to examine the integrity of white matter fiber tracks, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), that interconnect gray matter regions activated by fMRI. The reader will not ...