Neuroinflammation Induced by Surgery Does Not Impair the Reference Memory of Young Adult Mice

Zhao, Yanhua; Huang, Lili; Xu, Huan; Wu, Guangxi; Zhu, Mengyi; Tian, Jie; Wang, Hao; Wang, Xiangrui; Yu, Weifeng; Yang, Li‐Qun; Su, Diansan

doi:10.1155/2016/3271579

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Its decrease was shown to affect BFCN functions, resulting in memory issues in Alzheimer's disease 38 . Impaired NGF signaling pathway is also described in mild cognitive impairment resulting to aging 38 or sepsis 23 , and recent therapeutic approaches in secondary cognitive impairments are aiming to restore normal expression or/and level of NGF 49 . We hypothesize that the decrease in brain NGF levels observed in FI mice 28 days after surgery, more than a marker of memory dysfunction, plays an active role in the processes leading to cognitive impairment after surgical intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In experimental research, murine tibial fracture is one of the most widely used animal model to mimic POCD 15,21,22 . It combines sufficient tissue destruction and chronic pain to allow neurologic impairments even in young adult mice, while other models of surgery-induced cognitive decline -such as splenectomy 23 and laparotomy 24,25 -need to be executed in more susceptible mice (older or females). However the longer period of its histological and functional recovery (>4 weeks 26 ) can limit the proper highlighting of POCD during the first month after surgery, as most of murine behavioral assessments require spontaneous locomotion without any sensitivity or mechanical bias.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Muscle Injury Induces Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

Guéniot

Lepère

Medeiros

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a major complication affecting patients of any age undergoing surgery. This syndrome impacts everyday life up to months after hospital discharge, and its pathophysiology still remains unclear. Translational research focusing on POCD is based on a wide variety of rodent models, such as the murine tibial fracture, whose severity can limit mouse locomotion and proper behavioral assessment. Besides, influence of skeletal muscle injury, a lesion encountered in a wide range of surgeries, has not been explored in POCD occurrence. We propose a physical model of muscle injury in CX3CR1 Gfp/+ mice (displaying green fluorescent microglial cells) to study POCD, with morphological, behavioral and molecular approaches. We highlighted: alteration of short-and longterm memory after muscle regeneration, wide microglial reactivity in the brain, including hippocampus area, 24 hours after muscle injury, and an alteration of central brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) balance, 28 days after muscle injury. Our results suggest for the first time that muscle injury can have early as well as late impacts on the brain. Our CX3CR1 Gfp/+ model can also facilitate microglial investigation, more specifically their pivotal role in neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity, in the pathophysiology of POCD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Muscle Injury Induces Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

Guéniot

Lepère

Medeiros

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Before the MWM test, mice were individually handled for 2 min each day for 1 week. As described previously (Zhao et al., ), four training days were allowed for the reference memory test. The platform was located in the center of the fourth quadrant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the results of basic studies are varied. Our previous study demonstrated that anesthesia/surgery had no effects on the reference memory of adult mice measured by the Morris Water Maze (MWM)(Zhao et al., ). Other studies obtained similar results (Feng et al., ; Wan et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central cholinergic system mediates working memory deficit induced by anesthesia/surgery in adult mice

et al. 2018

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BackgroundPostoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is consistently associated with increased morbidity and mortality, which has become a major concern of patients and caregivers. Although POCD occurs mainly in aged patients, it happens at any age. Previous studies demonstrated that anesthesia/surgery had no effects on reference memory of adult mice. However, whether it impairs working memory remains unclear. Working memory deficit would result in many deficits of executive function. We hypothesized that anesthesia/surgery impaired the working memory of adult mice and the central cholinergic system was involved.MethodTibial fracture internal fixation under the anesthesia of isoflurane was performed in two‐month‐old C57BL/6 mice. Two days later, the spatial reference memory and working memory were measured by a Morris Water Maze (MWM). Donepezil, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), was administered in another cohort mice for 4 weeks. Then, the working memory was measured by MWM 2 days after anesthesia/surgery. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of acetylcholine transferase (ChAT), AChE, vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), and choline transporter (ChT) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC).ResultsWe found that anesthesia/surgery had no effects on the reference memory, but it impaired the working memory in adult mice. Meanwhile, we also found that the protein level of ChAT in PFC decreased significantly compared with that in control group. Donepezil pretreatment prevented working memory impairment and the decrease of the protein levels of ChAT induced by anesthesia/surgery.ConclusionThese results suggest that anesthesia/surgery leads to working memory deficits in adult mice and central cholinergic system impairment is involved.

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“…The neural system of aged individuals is more susceptible than that of young adults [24,25]. Our previous study showed that a single surgery (splenectomy) did not impair the spatial reference memory of young adult mice in spite of the increased IL-1β/IL-6 and activated microglia [26]. The powerful immune system may be helpful in reducing and resolving neuroinflammation after anesthesia/surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Anesthesia/Surgery Cannot Impair Reference Memory in Adult Mice

Zhou

et al. 2020

Mediators of Inflammation

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Postoperative cognitive dysfunction increases mortality and morbidity in perioperative patients. Numerous studies have demonstrated that multiple surgery/anesthesia during the neurodevelopmental period affects cognitive function, whereas a single anesthesia/surgery rarely causes cognitive dysfunction in adults. However, whether adults who undergo multiple anesthesia/surgery over a short period will experience cognitive dysfunction remains unclear. In this study, central nervous system inflammation and changes in cholinergic markers were investigated in adult mice subjected to multiple laparotomy procedures over a short period of time. The results showed that despite the increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the hippocampus after multiple operations and the activation of microglia, multiple anesthesia/surgery did not cause a decline in cognitive function in adult mice. There were no changes in the cholinergic markers after multiple anesthesia/surgery.

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Neuroinflammation Induced by Surgery Does Not Impair the Reference Memory of Young Adult Mice

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Muscle Injury Induces Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

Muscle Injury Induces Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

Central cholinergic system mediates working memory deficit induced by anesthesia/surgery in adult mice

Multiple Anesthesia/Surgery Cannot Impair Reference Memory in Adult Mice

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