Neuroinvasive potential of a primary respiratory pathogen SARS- CoV2: Summarizing the evidences

Lahiri, Durjoy; Mondal, Ritwick; Deb, Suryyani; Bandyopadhyay, D; Shome, Gourav; Sarkar, Sukanya; Biswas, Subhas C.

doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.062

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Additionally, it was observed that ACE2 needs transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) for priming of the viral spike protein. Numerous clinical reports have shown that patients with COVID-19 experienced multiple neurological symptoms such as headaches, vomiting, and nausea, indicating the involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Emerging evidence suggests the involvement of brain ACE2 expression in the pathogenesis of COVID-19; therefore, it is of a great interest to explore the neurological effects of SARS-CoV-2 and the associated clinical manifestations in patients with COVID-19 [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Novel Hypothalamic MicroRNAs as Promising Therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2 by Regulating ACE2 and TMPRSS2 Expression: An In Silico Analysis

Mukhopadhyay

Mussa

2020

Brain Sciences

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Background: Neuroinvasion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is well documented and, given the similarities between this virus and SARS-CoV-2, it seems that the neurological impairment that is associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is due to SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion. Hypothalamic circuits are exposed to the entry of the virus via the olfactory bulb and interact centrally with crucial respiratory nuclei. Hypothalamic microRNAs are considered as potential biomarkers and modulators for various diseases and future therapeutic targets. The present study aims to investigate the microRNAs that regulate the expression of hypothalamic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), essential elements for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. Methods: To determine potential hypothalamic miRNAs that can directly bind to ACE2 and TMPRSS2, multiple target bioinformatics prediction algorithms were used, including miRBase, Target scan, and miRWalk2.029. Results: Our in silico analysis has revealed that, although there are over 5000 hypothalamic miRNAs, around 31 miRNAs and 29 miRNAs have shown binding sites and strong binding capacity against ACE2 and TMPRSS2, respectively. Conclusion: These novel potential hypothalamic miRNAs can be used to identify new therapeutic targets to treat neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients via regulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Novel Hypothalamic MicroRNAs as Promising Therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2 by Regulating ACE2 and TMPRSS2 Expression: An In Silico Analysis

Mukhopadhyay

Mussa

2020

Brain Sciences

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“…Although the mechanism of invasion is not fully understood, COVID-19 appears to demonstrate neuroinvasive potential by using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor to gain entry and infect both glial and neuronal cells that express ACE-2 receptors. 5,6 Viral encephalitis with or without hemorrhagic necrosis involving mesial brain structures such as the mesial temporal lobes and thalamus have been documented. 4 Neurological manifestations can be subdivided into the central nervous system (headache, dizziness, S egneuro, Volume 02, Issue 03, 2020 altered sensorium, seizures, ataxia, encephalitis, and stroke) and peripheral nervous system (skeletal muscle injury and peripheral nerve involvement including hyposmia, anosmia, hypogeusia, neuralgia)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be anticipated that there can be cognitive decline lasting for months in these post mechanically ventilated patients, but also some of them may progress to premature onset of dementia. 3,6 While there is evidence suggesting that comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, increase the severity of COVID-19 illness, less is known on the risk for patients with neurological disorders. Although uncommon, the pre-existing Cerebrovascular disease may be a risk factor for poor outcomes in patients infected with COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological and Neurosurgical Aspect of COVID-19 Pandemic

Bhattarai

Karki

Yogi

2020

Eastern Green Neurosurg.

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Even though severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19) has been observed to mainly affect the pulmonary system, neurological (Central and Peripheral) involvements have already been reported in the literature. Also, it should be kept in mind that the patients may have COVID-19 regardless of the presence of respiratory symptoms, especially those presenting to the emergency departments (e.g. with road traffic accidents) or neurology outpatient clinics during the pandemic with neurological complaints and symptoms. A holistic approach is of great importance in protecting healthcare workers from infection as well as providing health-care to the patients and preventing late or misdiagnosis.

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“…Neurologic symptoms range from mild, such as headache 3 , 4 , 5 , nausea 6 , anosmia 7 , 8 , ageusia 7 , altered consciousness 9 , 10 , 11 , “brain fog”, to more severe such as myalgia, hemorrhage 12 , syncope 9 , 10 , 11 , seizure 9 , 10 , 11 , stroke 13 , meningoencephalitis 14 , Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) 15 and demyelinating disease 14 , 16 , 17 . The exact pathologic basis for these neurologic symptoms is not currently known, despite an abundance of published investigations 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 . Several possible mechanisms for neurologic involvement have arisen in the literature 19 , 27 , 28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central nervous system outcomes of COVID-19

Doyle

2022

Translational Research

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The worldwide pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected an estimated 200 million people with over 4 million deaths. Although COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is primarily a respiratory disease, an increasing number of neurologic symptoms have been reported. Some of these symptoms, such as loss of smell or taste, are mild and non-life threatening, while others, such as stroke or seizure, are more critical. Many of these symptoms remain long after the acute illness has passed, a phenomenon known as “long COVID” or Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Neurological symptoms can be difficult to study due to the complexity of the central and peripheral nervous system. These neurologic symptoms can be difficult to identify and quantitate. This narrative review will describe approaches for assessing neurologic manifestations of COVID-19, with examples of the data they provide, as well as some directions for future research to aid in understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19 related neurological implications.

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Neuroinvasive potential of a primary respiratory pathogen SARS- CoV2: Summarizing the evidences

Cited by 18 publications

References 57 publications

Identification of Novel Hypothalamic MicroRNAs as Promising Therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2 by Regulating ACE2 and TMPRSS2 Expression: An In Silico Analysis

Identification of Novel Hypothalamic MicroRNAs as Promising Therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2 by Regulating ACE2 and TMPRSS2 Expression: An In Silico Analysis

Neurological and Neurosurgical Aspect of COVID-19 Pandemic

Central nervous system outcomes of COVID-19

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