Neuroleptic-Induced Tardive Dyskinesias in Nonpsychotic Patients

Klawans, Harold L.; Bergen, Donna; Bruyn, G.W.; Paulson, George W.

doi:10.1001/archneur.1974.00490340066018

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Joseph H. Stephens Kraepelin (1919) introduced his concept of dementia praecox in 1896 and Bleuler (1950), in 1908, his concept of the "group of schizophrenias." But after three-quarters of a century, psychiatrists still have difficulty in agreeing on the diagnosis and natural course of this illness or group of illnesses.…”

Section: Long-term Prognosis and Followup In Schizophrenia*mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term Prognosis and Followup in Schizophrenia

Stephens

1978

Schizophrenia Bulletin

179

101

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The long-term course or natural history of schizophrenia is correlated with differing diagnostic criteria and commonly agreed upon prognostic variables. A review of 38 long-term followup studies of hospitalized schizophrenics reveals that unspecified or Kraepelinian-type schizophrenia has a much worse prognosis than atypical schizophrenia, schizoaffective psychosis, reactive psychosis, or other good premorbid types. Diagnoses based on longitudinal as well as cross-reactional data are more predictive of outcome than cross-sectionally based diagnoses. Drug and psychosocial treatment results must be evaluated in terms of prognostic variables, many of which are incorporated in some currently employed diagnostic criteria. There is no firm evidence that maintenance medication is indicated in some good prognosis patients. The paucity of long-range followups, the inadequacies of outcome assessments, and diagnostic disagreements limit our understanding of the effects of drug treatment, a treatment which is not without dangerous neurological side effects in many patients.

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Section: Long-term Prognosis and Followup In Schizophrenia*mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term Prognosis and Followup in Schizophrenia

Stephens

1978

Schizophrenia Bulletin

179

101

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“…Our observations indicate that tardive dyskinesia may also be persistent in children. Similar dyskinetic movements have been produced in normal monkeys given long-term high doses of phenothiazines.6 Tardive dyskinesia has also been reported in nonpsychotic patients.4 4 It may be difficult to distinguish tardive dyskinesia from other movement disorders. Chorea, even Huntington's chorea, may occur in childhood, but children with Huntington's chorea are more likely to be rigid than to have the choreiform movements seen in adults.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 84%

Tardive Dyskinesia as a Possible Sequel of Long-Term Therapy with Phenothiazines

Paulson

Rizvi

Crane

1975

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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“…Early observers assumed that TD was rare and found primarily among elderly women with chronic conditions and brain damage, but this clearly reflected a skewed, selection bias based on studies of long-term residents in institutionalized settings 4,9. Although this bias that TD was uncommon and restricted to chronic mental illness was refuted by many reports among younger people who received dopamine-receptor blocking drugs for pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, or anxiety,3,10–12 it may once again become a concern as antipsychotics are widely marketed to an ever-expanding and more functional population of nonpsychotic patients with mood disorders and other indications. It is important to understand that anyone exposed to dopamine-receptor blocking drugs, not just those with chronic mental illness, may be at risk for TD.…”

Section: Frequency and Risk Of Tdmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Overcoming barriers to effective management of tardive dyskinesia</p>

Caroff¹

2019

NDT

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Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a heterogeneous syndrome of involuntary hyperkinetic movements that is often persistent and occurs belatedly during treatment with antipsychotics. Recent approval of two dopamine-depleting analogs of tetrabenazine based on randomized controlled trials offers an evidence-based therapeutic approach to TD for the first time. These agents are optimally used within the context of a comprehensive approach to patient management that includes a practical screening and monitoring program, sensitive and specific criteria for the diagnosis of TD, awareness of the severity and impact of the disorder, informed discussions with patients and caregivers, and a rational basis for prescribing decisions about continued antipsychotic and adjunctive agents. Areas of limited or inconclusive data, bias and misunderstandings about key aspects, and neglect of training about TD in recent years contribute to barriers in providing effective care and promoting patient safety.

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Neuroleptic-Induced Tardive Dyskinesias in Nonpsychotic Patients

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Long-term Prognosis and Followup in Schizophrenia

Long-term Prognosis and Followup in Schizophrenia

Tardive Dyskinesia as a Possible Sequel of Long-Term Therapy with Phenothiazines

<p>Overcoming barriers to effective management of tardive dyskinesia</p>

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