Neuroleptic Narcosis: an Approach to Anæsthesia in Large Animals

Harthoorn, A. M.

doi:10.1038/1981116a0

Cited by 2 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Thrombocytopenic purpura in suckling piglets is an immune-mediated disease that has been known in veterinary medicine for about 50 years [ 1 – 3 ]. The disease is characterized by massive haemorrhages in suckling piglets, caused by a thrombocytopenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease is characterized by massive haemorrhages in suckling piglets, caused by a thrombocytopenia. Piglets are pale and inactive and often die within 2 to 15 days [ 1 – 3 ]. Petechial and ecchymosal bleedings are usually first seen in the skin of the ventral abdomen and on ears [ 3 – 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heavier bleedings are found in more mobile organs, such as heart, diaphragm and skeletal muscles [ 3 ]. In addition, lymph nodes are found to be haemorrhagic and enlarged [ 1 – 3 , 7 ]. Histologic findings include haemorrhages in several tissues and a depletion of megakaryocytes in bone marrow and spleen [ 2 , 3 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Haematological findings show a severe thrombocytopenia in affected piglets [ 1 , 3 , 8 , 9 ], elongated bleeding time [ 1 , 4 , 8 ] but normal whole blood coagulation, prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times [ 1 , 4 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thrombocytopenia develops due to isoimmune antibodies, which attack the platelets and megakaryocytes of the piglets [ 1 – 4 ]. The sow produces antibodies against the thrombocyte antigens of the boar, which are present in the blood of the piglets [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thrombocytopenic purpura on an organic farm with pen mating: a case report on the re-emergence of an old disease

et al. 2020

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Background: Thrombocytopenia is an immune-mediated disease, which affects suckling piglets. Piglets are pale and inactive, show multiple hemorrhages and often die within days. Pathological examination reveals severe haemorrhages and oedema in several organs. Severe thrombocytopenia and elongated bleeding time characterize the disease haematologically. The sow produces antibodies against the thrombocyte antigens of the boar, which are present in the blood of the piglets. These isoimmune antibodies attack the platelets and megakaryocytes of the piglets, causing thrombocytopenia in succeeding matings of the same boar and sow. There is no known therapy against this condition. In the last few decades, the disease has become rare due to the increase of artificial insemination. Case presentation: On an organic breeding farm in Switzerland with a high percentage of natural pen matings, piglets of three litters showed haemorrhages on the skin, prolonged bleeding time and were generally in a reduced general state. A pathological examination revealed multifocal haemorrhages in the stomach, kidneys, dermis, mesenterium and spinal cord. Haematology showed a massive thrombocytopenia and regenerative anaemia. Due to these findings the diagnosis of thrombocytopenic purpura was established. To avoid further matings of the same boar and sow and thus more affected piglets, out of three possible boars the responsible sire had to be determined. This was achieved through array genotyping and subsequent computation of identity by descent and calculation of Mendelian errors for parentage verification. Thereby the responsible boar was identified and as a consequence removed from the farm. Further preventive measures, that had been established, included the recording of all matings and regular exchange of boars. Conclusion: The decreased number of natural matings with the surge of artificial insemination has probably reduced the number of cases of thrombocytopenic purpura and thus the disease awareness of farmers and veterinarians. However, as consumers wish for better animal welfare and higher ecological standards we may see a rise in natural matings and thus a return of the disease. In case of affected litters, genetic testing was proven a valid method for investigation and prevention of more cases and may be used more in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%