Neurolocomotor Behavior and Oxidative Stress Markers of Thiazole and Thiazolidinedione Derivatives against Nauphoeta cinerea

Abstract

Thiazolidine compounds NJ20 {(E)-2-(2-(5-bromo-2-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)thiazole} and NW05 [(2-(benzo (d) (1,3) dioxol-4-ylmethylene)-N-(4-bromophenyl)-thiosemicarbazone] potentiated the effect of norfloxacin in resistant bacteria; however, there are no reports on their effects on Nauphoeta cinerea in the literature. The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavioral effects and oxidative markers of NW05 and NJ20 in lobster cockroach N. cinerea. To evaluate the behavioral study, a video tracking software was used to evaluate the locomotor points and the exploratory profile of cockroaches in the horizontal and vertical regions of a new environment. The total concentration of thiol and reduced glutathione (GSH), substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), free iron (II) content and mitochondrial viability were determined. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by the DPPH method. Both substances induced changes in the behavior of cockroaches, showing a significant reduction in the total distance covered and in the speed. In the cell viability test (MTT), there was a significant reduction for NJ20 (1 mM). NJ20 caused a significant increase in total levels of thiol and non-protein thiol (NPSH), although it also slightly increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). Both compounds (NW05 and NJ20) caused a significant reduction in the content of free iron at a concentration of 10 mM. In conclusion, the compound NJ20 caused moderate neurotoxicity (1 mM), but had good antioxidant action, while NW05 did not show toxicity or significant antioxidant activity in the model organism tested. It is desirable to carry out complementary tests related to the antioxidant prospection of these same compounds, evaluating them at different concentrations.

Paullinia cupana (Kunth) stimulates behavior patterns and regulates oxidative stress markers in lobster cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea

“…Indeed, substances capable of chelating free iron are categorized as antioxidant compounds, broadly used in toxic-pharmacological studies (Karthik et al, 2016;Schneider et al, 2019). Similar to our results, Pereira et al (2022) reported a significant reduction in Fe 2+ ion content in connective tissue homogenates of N. cinerea after treatment with Thiazolidine compounds NW05 (10 mM) e NJ20 (10 mM). The authors justified that certain thiazoles have excellent free Fe 2+ chelating capacity and moderate toxicity, which corroborates our findings with regard to the antioxidant properties of P. cupana, whose powder decoction…”

“…For this purpose, a simple camera was used for a period of 10 minutes. In sequence, the videos were converted to AVI format and their resolution was reduced to 320 x 240 pixels by using the Any Video Converter Software (Pereira et al, 2022).…”

“…Thus, experimental laboratory research has been frequently performed through the use of alternative animal models. For instance, the ovoviviparous species Nauphoeta cinerea, popularly known as lobster cockroach, is widely used in biochemical and toxic-pharmacological assays since it has a rapid reproductive cycle and similar general biophysical principles of nervous system functioning compared to mammals (Adedara et al, 2015;Carrazoni et al, 2016;Adedara et al, 2020;Pereira et al, 2022). Indeed, laboratory tests by using N. cinerea as an experimental model offer a direct approach to examine applicable biochemical interactions, remarkably regarding oxidative stress, a condition characterized by an increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which leads to several damages in proteins, DNA and RNA (Forma;Zhang, 2021).…”