Neurologic aspects of HIV infection in infants and children: Therapeutic approaches and outcome

Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) HIV-related disorders frequently have devastating consequences. Significant progress has been made in the early diagnosis and treatment of the HIV-infected patient. As a result, the prevalence and natural history of neurologic illnesses have changed. This paper reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and neuropathogenesis of HIV-related CNS disorders. Advances in antiretroviral therapy, neuroprophylaxis, and neuroprotective strategies are also discussed.

Youths and HIV/AIDS: Psychiatry's Role in a Changing Epidemic

“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may detect mass lesions found in toxoplasmosis or CNS lymphoma. MRI is also useful in detecting cerebrovascular complications because HIVinfected children have a higher incidence of ischemic strokes and cerebral artery aneurysms that may expand or rupture (Civitello, 2003). MRI screening has been recommended for highrisk children who are asymptomatic from HIV disease but are displaying neurocognitive dysfunction (Patsalides et al, 2002).…”

Psychiatric Considerations in Children and Adolescents with HIV/AIDS

“…14 MRI screening may detect mass lesions associated with lymphomas or toxoplasmosis, and cerebrovascular complications that are more commonly seen in HIVinfected adolescents. 15 Cognitive findings in HIV-infected children are generally characterized by impairments in expressive and receptive language skills, with expressive language commonly impacted more than receptive language, as well as frequent impairments in visuomotor skills and spatial learning. 16 HAD, which has been well described in adults, has not been described in adolescents.…”