2010
DOI: 10.3810/hp.2010.11.344
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Neurologic Complications of Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Cardiac Procedures

Abstract: Neurologic complications of cardiac surgery and interventional cardiac procedures may affect the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system. The most common central nervous system complications are strokes and seizures. This article provides a succinct neuroanatomic and pathophysiologic approach to a wide array of neurologic complications associated with cardiac procedures.

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“…The cellular pathways of EPC mobilization and trafficking are becoming clear. During tissue ischemia, the increased expression and stabilization of the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor‐1α promotes the local production of stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A) by hypoxic endothelial cells (Biller et al ., ; Zhao et al ., ), and the SDF‐1/CXCR4 axis has been confirmed to play a key role in EPC mobilization in response to hypoxia or injury (Solomon et al ., ; Munoz et al ., ). The VEGF also induces tumor cells to express matrix metalloproteinase‐9 and triggers the release of the stem cell‐active soluble kit ligand, which in turn induces the translocation of quiescent VEGFR2 + c‐kit + EPC into the circulation for recruitment to sites of ischemia, inflammation or tumor growth (Chowdhary et al ., ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The cellular pathways of EPC mobilization and trafficking are becoming clear. During tissue ischemia, the increased expression and stabilization of the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor‐1α promotes the local production of stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A) by hypoxic endothelial cells (Biller et al ., ; Zhao et al ., ), and the SDF‐1/CXCR4 axis has been confirmed to play a key role in EPC mobilization in response to hypoxia or injury (Solomon et al ., ; Munoz et al ., ). The VEGF also induces tumor cells to express matrix metalloproteinase‐9 and triggers the release of the stem cell‐active soluble kit ligand, which in turn induces the translocation of quiescent VEGFR2 + c‐kit + EPC into the circulation for recruitment to sites of ischemia, inflammation or tumor growth (Chowdhary et al ., ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%