Neurological complications following rubella infection

Abstract

Neurological complications following rubella are only rarely encountered. However, in many cases severe neurological impairment may occur, leading to permanent disability. In a recent epidemic of rubella in Israel during the years 1978-1979, 20 patients with severe neurological complications have been seen. We report on 5 cases of which 3 are described in detail. Considering the efficacy of immunization against rubella, we suggest that in countries such as England and Israel in which periodic epidemics of rubella occur, a generalized plan of immunization should be undertaken during the first years of life. Such an approach will prevent the neurological complication of congenital, as well as acquired, rubella infection.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome in the 2012–2013 Epidemics in Tokyo, Japan

“…Usually, thrombocytopenic purpura (1 in 3,000 cases) and encephalitis (1 in 6,000 cases) are infrequent complications of rubella (11,12). However, the frequencies of thrombocytopenic purpura and encephalitis in our study were much higher (1 in 217 cases and 1 in 823 cases, respectively).…”

Methoxymethylation of Substituted Alcohols using Dimethoxymethane over Mo(VI)/ZrO2

“…4). The change in morphology shows higher surface area of Mo/ZrO2 when compared to ZrO2 [35,36]. Synthesis of O-methoxymethylated compounds over 10 % Mo/ZrO2: In general a mixture of various alcohols, dimethoxymethane (1:10 mole ratio) and 0.05 g of 10 Mo/ ZrO2 was added and the mixture was refluxed at 40 °C for an appropriate time under nitrogen.…”

C5–C7 linear alkane hydroisomerization over MoO3–ZrO2 and Pt/MoO3–ZrO2 catalysts

“…For MoO x /ZrO 2 samples with higher surface density (>5 Mo/nm 2 ), treatment in air at 723 K led to the predominant formation of MoO 3 , while higher treatment temperatures led to a solid-state reaction between MoO 3 and ZrO 2 to form Zr(MoO 4 ) 2 . Meanwhile, the effect of Mo loading on ZrO 2 in respect to the catalytic activities was reported by Chary et al [21] and Kenney et al [22]. Chary et al demonstrated the catalytic ammoxidation of toluene to benzonitrile over MoO 3 -ZrO 2 increased with loading up to 6.6 wt.% MoO 3 .…”