Neurological condition in 18-month-old children perinatally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins

Huisman, Marcel; Koopman-Esseboom, Corine; Lanting, C.I.; Paauw, C.G. van der; Tuinstra, L.G.M.Th.; Fidler, V.; Weisglas‐Kuperus, Nynke; Sauer, Pieter; Boersma, E. R.; Touwen, B. C. L.

doi:10.1016/0378-3782(95)01674-0

Cited by 160 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The neurological condition of the children was assessed again at 18 (Huisman et al 1995b) and 42 months of age (Lanting et al 1998). At 18 months the children were assessed using an age-specific neurological exam that focused on observations of motor functions including milestones such as grasping, sitting, crawling, standing, and walking.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological function in children.

Schantz

Widholm

Rice

2003

Environ Health Perspect

454

294

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In the last decade advances in the analytic methods for quantification of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have resulted in widespread availability of congener-specific analysis procedures, and large amounts of data on PCB congener profiles in soil, air, water, sediments, foodstuffs, and human tissues have become available. These data have revealed that the PCB residues in environmental media and human tissues may not closely resemble any of the commercial PCB mixtures, depending on source of exposure, bioaccumulation through the food chain, and weathering of PCBs in the environment. At the same time, toxicological research has led to a growing awareness that different classes of PCB congeners have different profiles of toxicity. These advances in analytic techniques and toxicological knowledge are beginning to influence the risk assessment process. As the data from ongoing PCB studies assessing the mediators of neurobehavioral outcomes in children are published, the weight of evidence for PCB effects on neurodevelopment is growing. Studies in Taiwan, Michigan (USA), New York (USA), Holland, Germany, and the Faroe Islands have all reported negative associations between prenatal PCB exposure and measures of cognitive functioning in infancy or childhood. The German study also reported a negative association between postnatal PCB exposure and cognitive function in early childhood--a result that had not been found in previous studies. Only one published study in North Carolina (USA) has failed to find an association between PCB exposure and cognitive outcomes. Despite the fact that several more recent studies have used congener-specific analytic techniques, there have been only limited attempts to assess the role of specific PCB congeners or classes of congeners in mediating neurodevelopmental outcomes. From a statistical standpoint, attempts to determine the role of individual congeners in mediating outcomes are hampered by the fact that concentrations of most individual congeners are highly correlated with each other and with total PCBs. From a toxicological standpoint, these efforts are hampered by the fact that many of the PCB congeners present in human tissues have never been studied in the laboratory, and their relative potency to produce nervous system effects is unknown. More complete information on the health effects of various congeners or congener classes would allow more informed scientific and risk assessment decisions.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological function in children.

Schantz

Widholm

Rice

2003

Environ Health Perspect

454

294

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“…At 18 months of age, development was not affected by either PCB or dioxin exposure (Koopman-Esseboom et al 1996). In a similar study, Huisman et al (1995) found that at 18 months, developmental effects were not seen from postnatal exposure to PCBs and dioxins (breast milk and infant formula).…”

Section: Evidence Of Endocrine Disruptionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Assessing the effects of endocrine disruptors in the National Children's Study.

Landrigan

Garg

Droller

2003

Environ Health Perspect

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Children are uniquely vulnerable to toxic chemicals in the environment. Among the environmental toxicants to which children are at risk of exposure are endocrine disruptors (EDs)-chemicals that have the capacity to interfere with hormonal signaling systems. EDs may alter feedback loops in the brain, pituitary, gonads, thyroid, and other components of the endocrine system. They can affect development. Effects of EDs have been described in wildlife populations, in animals exposed experimentally, and to a more limited extent in humans. Mechanisms of action of EDs are increasingly being elucidated, and genetic polymorphisms that convey differential susceptibility to EDs are beginning to be explored. It is hypothesized that in utero and early childhood exposures to EDs may be responsible, at least in part, for decreases in semen quality; increasing incidence of congenital malformations of the reproductive organs, such as hypospadias; increasing incidence of testicular cancer; and acceleration of onset of puberty in females. The National Children's Study (NCS) will provide a unique opportunity to test the validity of these hypotheses in the context of a large prospective multiyear epidemiologic investigation. It will be essential in the NCS to assess exposures to a range of putative natural and synthetic EDs, to assess outcomes possibly due to ED exposure, to examine the potential interplay between EDs and genetic polymorphisms, and to seek links between ED exposures in early life and endocrine, reproductive, neurobehavioral, and other outcomes throughout the life span. Key words: endocrine disruptors, environmental epidemiology, exposure assessment, National Children's Study.

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“…On the other hand, fish oil contains plenty of n-3 multivalent unsaturated fat, which is suggested to assist in neurodevelopment after birth. Moreover, breast feeding itself was shown to benefit the development of cognitive ability in 18-month-old Dutch children, while there was no effect of dioxin exposure due to breast milk feeding on infant cognitive ability (Huisman et al, 1995). These results suggest that fish intake and breast milk feeding should not be discouraged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…These results suggest that fish intake and breast milk feeding should not be discouraged. In the same Dutch children cohort at school age, negative effects of prenatal PCBs on cognitive and motor development were observed only in children raised in a poor social environment (Vreugdenhil et al, 2002), although effects of prenatal exposure on cognitive ability were observed in these children at 18 and 42 months of age (Huisman et al, 1995; Dioxin in breast milk and newborn head circumference Nishijo et al et al, 1999). A follow-up study using a larger cohort, to investigate cognitive and motor development with a survey of nutritional and social circumstances, is necessary to clarify the effects of TCDD on head size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in maternal breast milk and newborn head circumference

Nishijo

Tawara

Nakagawa

et al. 2007

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Dioxins are known to affect infant growth and neurodevelopment in both humans and animals. In this study, we examined the relationship between neonatal head circumference, which is related to fetal brain development, and the concentration of dioxins in breast milk as an indicator of maternal exposure. A total of 42 milk samples were obtained on the fifth to eighth postpartum day from mothers in Japan exposed to dioxins in the environment. The levels of seven dioxins and 10 furan isomers were measured in each milk sample using an HR-GC/MS system. The relationships between the concentration of each dioxin isomer and newborn size, including head circumference, were then investigated after adjustment for confounding factors. The concentration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic dioxin isomer, negatively correlated with newborn head circumference, even after adjustment for gestational age, infant sex, parity and other confounding factors. However, there were no significant relationships between the concentration of other dioxin and furan isomers in maternal breast milk and infant height, weight and chest circumference at birth. These facts suggested that fetal brain development might be influenced by maternal exposure to TCDD in the environment.

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Neurological condition in 18-month-old children perinatally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins

Cited by 160 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological function in children.

Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological function in children.

Assessing the effects of endocrine disruptors in the National Children's Study.

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in maternal breast milk and newborn head circumference

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