Neurological Consequences of Abusive Use of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Abstract

The abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The highest incidence of this malpractice documented in males (prevalence rate about 6.4%), a third of which develop adverse reactions. Accordingly, the objective was to review published studies about the neurological complications triggered by the indiscriminate use of AASs, with focus on the pathogenesis of lesions in the nervous system (NS). As a result it was observed that at NS, these stimulants actuate through a complex signaling systems that include the neuroendocrine alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, modification of neurotransmitters and their receptors, as well as the induction of neuronal death by apoptosis in several pathways. These organic neurological alterations can lead to a clinical symptomatology with neurological, mood and sleep disorders. Consequently, varying adverse effects were observed analogous to the class of AAS utilized, how it was administered and time of use. Even though to date, only a few classes were submitted for scientific analyses, on dosages, mode of administration and specific exposure times. Furthermore, the illegal use and production of these drugs does not propitiate their appropriate application, quality control and purity. It was concluded that the abuse of AAS has inimically severe and complex effects, including serious neurotoxic issues.

Anabolic-androgenic steroids are linked to depression and anxiety in male bodybuilders: the hidden psychogenic side of anabolic androgenic steroids

“…AAS have been demonstrated to elicit pharmacological impacts on the central nervous system (CNS) through two distinct mechanisms. The first mechanism is believed to entail a direct modification of intracellular receptors, while the second is thought to induce indirect effects on the neurotransmitter receptor’s binding site or by triggering the release of neuropeptides [ 10 , 11 ].…”