Neurological Diseases Associated to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Abstract

The treatment for cancer has been more widespread and new therapies appear as alternatives in the area to contain the advance of the tumor, having with the immune mechanisms one of the main sources of research and study for a possible advance in the treatment. Checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are monoclonal therapy, which act by blocking the PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 molecules, responsible for immune control. However, among the effects caused by therapy, the use of medications is associated with neurological diseases reported as an adverse effect. Neurological complications can affect both the central and the peripheral nervous system, reaching a variety of regions and being related to effects in several diseases. In clinical practice, the report in question shows how the adverse effects of using these therapies work, collaborating with evidence on the use or not of it. This bibliographic review, which used the PUBMED database with the words "antibodies", "monoclonal", "immune control", "checkpoints inhibitors", brings the main neurological diseases associated with therapy, as well as the incidence, symptoms and treatment. Methodology: The present review used as a means of obtaining information the PUBMED platform, in which it was looking for articles using the words "" antibodies "," monoclonal "," immune control "," checkpoints inhibitors ", in addition to fulfilling the year criteria between 2010 and 2020. The language and countries in which the data were obtained were not selected, so information from articles published in several countries was used.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Guillain Barre Syndrome: A Single-Institution Case Report and Narrative Review

“…ICI-related GBS should be suspected in patients on ICI treatment who develop subacute progressive weakness of the limbs, sensory loss, and areflexia. In general, GBS triggered by ICI is generally similar to GBS not associated with ICI in terms of presentation and clinical course [ 22 ] . The diagnosis of GBS is based on clinical history and examination and is supported by ancillary investigations such as CSF examination and electrodiagnostic studies [ 23 ].…”