Neurological Immune‐Related Adverse Events After COVID‐19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review

Shafiq, Ameena; Salameh, Mohammad; Laswi, Ibrahim; Mohammed, Ibrahim; Mhaimeed, Omar; Mhaimeed, Nada; Mhaimeed, Narjis; Paul, Pradipta; Mushannen, Malik; Elshafeey, Abdallah; Fares, Ahmed; Holroyd, Sean; Zakaria, Dalia

doi:10.1002/jcph.2017

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Mutations in TLR3 and its downstream signaling molecules have been associated with cases of herpes simplex virus encephalitis [97,98], varicella zoster virus meningoencephalitis [98], and recurrent herpes zoster ophthalmicus [99]. Strikingly, an increasingly high number of herpes zoster cases has been reported following mRNA (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) but not adenovirus-vectorized or inactivated COVID-19 vaccination [100][101][102][103][104][105]. Such observation is consistent with an impaired TLR-mediated type I IFN response triggered by m1Ψ-modified mRNA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Navigating Uncharted Waters: Could COVID-19 and/or Certain COVID-19 Vaccines Promote Malignancy?

Angues¹,

Bustos²

2022

Preprint

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Cancer is a complex dynamic disease that involves different biological capabilities including sustaining proliferative signaling, evading tumor suppression and immune surveillance, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, reprogramming energy metabolism, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis. Underlying these capabilities are genome instability, which expedites their acquisition, and inflammation, which fosters their function/s. Additionally, cancer exhibits another dimension of complexity: a heterogeneous repertoire of infiltrating and resident host cells, secreted factors, and extracellular matrix, known as the tumor microenvironment, that through a dynamic and reciprocal relationship with cancer cells supports immortality, local invasion, and metastatic dissemination. This staggering intricacy calls for some caution when advising all people with cancer (or a previous history of cancer) to receive the COVID-19 primary vaccine series plus additional booster doses. Moreover, because these patients were not included in the pivotal clinical trials, considerable uncertainty remains regarding vaccine efficacy, safety, and the risk of interactions with anticancer therapies, which could reduce the efficacy and/or safety of either medical treatment. After reviewing the available literature, we are particularly concerned that COVID-19 vaccination may predispose some (stable) oncologic patients and survivors to cancer progression, recurrence and/or metastasis. This hypothesis is based on biological plausibility (i.e., induction of lymphopenia and inflammation; downregulation of ACE2 expression; activation of oncogenic cascades; sequestration of tumor suppressor proteins; suppression of type I IFN responses; dysregulation of the G4-RNA-protein binding system; unsilencing of LINE-1 retrotransposons; etc.) together with growing anecdotal evidence and reports filed to Vaccine Adverse Effects Report System (VAERS) suggesting that some cancer patients experienced disease exacerbation or recurrence following COVID-19 vaccination. In light of the above, we encourage the medical and scientific community to urgently evaluate the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on cancer biology, adjusting public health recommendations accordingly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Navigating Uncharted Waters: Could COVID-19 and/or Certain COVID-19 Vaccines Promote Malignancy?

Angues¹,

Bustos²

2022

Preprint

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“…The severity of these manifestations varies between individuals – in particular, the worsening prognosis was associated with an increase in age and/or the presence of underlying chronic or immunodeficiency disorders [ 4 ]. Despite the accelerated development and mass roll-out of multiple COVID-19 vaccines leading to the administration of over 9 billion doses worldwide, in addition to their widely reported possible resultant adverse effects, there continues to be a lack of approved and effective therapeutic drugs as treatment or cure [ [5] , [6] , [7] ]. Of the existing interventions, the most used are prophylaxis using antiviral or antiretroviral therapy, supporting treatment using corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, breathing support such as mechanical ventilation, adjunctive therapy, and convalescent plasma therapy [ 5 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-targeted approach to identify potential flavonoids against three targets in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle

Kumar

Paul

Yadav

et al. 2022

Computers in Biology and Medicine

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The advent and persistence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus – 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic since December 2019 has created the largest public health emergency in over a century. Despite the administration of multiple vaccines across the globe, there continues to be a lack of approved efficacious non-prophylactic interventions for the disease. Flavonoids are a class of phytochemicals with historically established antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties that are effective against cancers, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and even other human coronaviruses. To identify the most promising bioactive flavonoids against the SARS-CoV-2, this article screened a virtual library of 46 bioactive flavonoids against three promising targets in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle: human TMPRSS2 protein, 3CLpro, and PLpro. By examining the effects of glycosylation and other structural-activity relationships, the presence of sugar moiety in flavonoids significantly reduces its binding energy. It increases the solubility of flavonoids leading to reduced toxicity and higher bioavailability. Through protein-ligand contact profiling, it was concluded that naringin formed more hydrogen bonds with TMPRSS2 and 3CLpro. In contrast, hesperidin formed a more significant number of hydrogen bonds with PLpro. These observations were complimented by the 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy analysis, which showed a considerable stability of docked bioflavonoids in the active site of SARS-CoV-2 target proteins. Finally, the binding affinity and stability of the selected docked complexes were compared with the reference ligands (camostat for TMPRSS2, GC376 for 3CLpro, and GRL0617 for PLpro) that strongly inhibit their respective SARS-COV-2 targets. Overall analysis revealed that the selected flavonoids could be potential therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2. Naringin showed better affinity and stability for TMPRSS2 and 3CLpro, whereas hesperidin showed a better binding relationship and stability for PLpro.

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“…However, with millions of people vaccinated each month, enhanced surveillance and public scrutiny, rare adverse events are being increasingly identi ed. Several cases of facial nerve palsy, reactivation of herpes zoster, Guillain-Barre syndrome, other demyelinating diseases, and neuropathy have been described following COVID-19 vaccination [1]. Decreased tolerance of myeline sheath antigens due to type 1 interferon production, transient lymphopenia and immune dysregulation have been proposed as potential vaccine-induced pathophysiological mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolated long thoracic nerve palsy following COVID-19 vaccine: a case report.

Cutsem

Bolyn

2022

Preprint

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Introduction: We report an adult man who developed an isolated long thoracic nerve palsy three days following vaccination against COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge this is the first well-documented case of this association. Case presentation: A 46-year-old white man developed back pain, followed by pain in the right axilla and scapular region, clumsiness of the right arm and unusual position of his shoulder blade, three days after receiving a second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. When he consulted a neurologist six months later, the pain had subsided, but the other symptoms persisted despite physiotherapy. Main clinical findings were right scapular winging and marked amyotrophy of the serratus anterior, with preservation of the other muscles of the shoulder and scapula. Nerve conduction studies of the long thoracic nerve yielded a low amplitude with a slightly prolonged latency. Needle electromyography showed decreased compound motor action potentials on the right was normal with a few polyphasic waves on the left. Main diagnosis and interventions: A diagnosis of post-immunisation long thoracic neuritis was made. The patient was treated with physiotherapy. Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of neuritis of any nerve after COVID-19 vaccination.

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Neurological Immune‐Related Adverse Events After COVID‐19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review

Cited by 30 publications

References 53 publications

Navigating Uncharted Waters: Could COVID-19 and/or Certain COVID-19 Vaccines Promote Malignancy?

Navigating Uncharted Waters: Could COVID-19 and/or Certain COVID-19 Vaccines Promote Malignancy?

A multi-targeted approach to identify potential flavonoids against three targets in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle

Isolated long thoracic nerve palsy following COVID-19 vaccine: a case report.

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