Neurological impairment in rats after subarachnoid hemorrhage—A comparison of functional tests

Thal, Serge C.; Meßmer, K.; Schmid-Elsaesser, Robert; Zausinger, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2007.12.002

Cited by 32 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…We therefore chose 24 and 72 h for acute neurobehavioral assessment using the Garcia test, which showed significantly worse performance by the SAH group on this sensorimotor test. However, a previous study by Thal and associates showed that there was no difference in neurobehavioral performance up to 7 days, between treated and untreated rats evaluated by a beam balance task, a prehensile traction task, the rotarod, and a 6-point motor function score (Thal et al, 2008). Further, significant long-lasting motor deficits were not detected over days 3-21 in a intraluminal perforation SAH rat model, which was assessed using the tapered beam test, the forelimb asymmetry test, and the horizontal ladder task (Silasi and Colbourne, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Further, longterm evaluation of potential neuroprotective agents is important for clinical translation. However, studies on long-term functional and morphological changes following therapeutic intervention after endovascular perforation-induced SAH are few (Silasi and Colbourne, 2009;Thal et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given limited studies in this model (Silasi and Colbourne, 2009;Thal et al, 2008), it would be worthwhile to examine which neurobehavioral tests would be useful for evaluating the long-term neurobehavior of SAH rats. Moreover, to our knowledge no study has investigated if the prevention of early brain injury eventually leads to an improvement in long-term neurological outcomes and memory impairments after experimental SAH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minocycline Improves Functional Outcomes, Memory Deficits, and Histopathology after Endovascular Perforation-Induced Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

Sherchan

Lekic

Suzuki

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) results in significant long-lasting cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, evaluating acute and long-term outcomes after therapeutic intervention is important for clinical translation. The aim of this study was to use minocycline, a known neuroprotectant agent, to evaluate the long-term benefits in terms of neurobehavior and neuropathology after experimental SAH in rats, and to determine which neurobehavioral test would be effective for long-term evaluation. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=118). The animals were treated with intraperitoneal injection of minocycline (45 mg/kg or 135 mg/kg) or vehicle 1 h after SAH induction. In the short-term, animals were euthanized at 24 and 72 h for evaluation of neurobehavior, brain water content, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. In the long-term, neurobehavior was evaluated at days 21-28 post-SAH, and histopathological analysis was done at day 28. High-dose but not low-dose minocycline reduced brain water content at 24 h, and therefore only the high-dose regimen was used for further evaluation, which reduced MMP-9 activity at 24 h. Further, high-dose minocycline improved spatial memory and attenuated neuronal loss in the hippocampus and cortex. The rotarod, T-maze, and water maze tests, but not the inclined plane test, detected neurobehavioral deficits in SAH rats at days 21-28. This study demonstrates that minocycline attenuates long-term functional and morphological outcomes after endovascular perforation-induced SAH. Long-term neurobehavioral assessments using the rotarod, T-maze, and water maze tests could be useful to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic intervention after experimental SAH.

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confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minocycline Improves Functional Outcomes, Memory Deficits, and Histopathology after Endovascular Perforation-Induced Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

Sherchan

Lekic

Suzuki

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurotrauma

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“…For beam walking test, mice were placed on a copper pipe suspended 40 cm above a table top at 1 or 14 days after ICH. Each mouse was given 5 trials to cross the beam and the furthest distance was recorded (59). Based on our experience in previous experiments, success on the test was defined as being able to walk a distance 20 cm or greater.…”

Section: +/Gfpmentioning

confidence: 99%

TGF-β1 modulates microglial phenotype and promotes recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage

Taylor

Chang

Goods

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical Investigation

226

195

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“…The BWT is frequently used to assess whether there are impairments in the functions of dynamic balance, motor coordination, learning and memorizing abilities (37,38). The prehensile traction test is an index for evaluating rat forepaw gripping power, muscle strength, balance and motor function (24,39,40). In the present study, the scores for the beam walking and prehensile traction testing reduced significantly in the rats after CA, and increased gradually over the 7 days after CPR.…”

Section: A B C Dmentioning

confidence: 47%

Hydrogen sulfide improves neural function in rats following cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Lin

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. The alleviation of brain injury is a key issue following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is hypothesized to be involved in the pathophysiological process of ischemia-reperfusion injury, and exerts a protective effect on neurons. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of H 2 S on neural functions following cardiac arrest (CA) in rats. A total of 60 rats were allocated at random into three groups. CA was induced to establish the model and CPR was performed after 6 min. Subsequently, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), hydroxylamine or saline was administered to the rats. Serum levels of H 2 S, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100β were determined following CPR. In addition, neurological deficit scoring (NDS), the beam walking test (BWT), prehensile traction test and Morris water maze experiment were conducted. Neuronal apoptosis rates were detected in the hippocampal region following sacrifice. After CPR, as the H 2 S levels increased or decreased, the serum NSE and S100β concentrations decreased or increased, respectively (P<0.0w. The NDS results of the NaHS group were improved compared with those of the hydroxylamine group at 24 h after CPR (P<0.05). In the Morris water maze experiment, BWT and prehensile traction test the animals in the NaHS group performed best and rats in the hydroxylamine group performed worst. At day 7, the apoptotic index and the expression of caspase-3 were reduced in the hippocampal CA1 region, while the expression of Bcl-2 increased in the NaHS group; and results of the hydroxylamine group were in contrast. Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that H 2 S is able to improve neural function in rats following CPR.

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Neurological impairment in rats after subarachnoid hemorrhage—A comparison of functional tests

Cited by 32 publications

References 64 publications

Minocycline Improves Functional Outcomes, Memory Deficits, and Histopathology after Endovascular Perforation-Induced Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

Minocycline Improves Functional Outcomes, Memory Deficits, and Histopathology after Endovascular Perforation-Induced Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

TGF-β1 modulates microglial phenotype and promotes recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage

Hydrogen sulfide improves neural function in rats following cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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