Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 in Children: Time to Be More Vigilant

Madaan, Priyanka; Singanamalla, Bhanudeep; Saini, Lokesh

doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.11.006

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“… [1] . Neurological complications of Covid-19 are not yet fully understood but some reports in adults included autoimmune encephalitis, autoimmune epilepsy, Guillain Barre syndrome [2] . In children, a few neurological complications were reported including mainly headache and loss of smell [3] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Encephalitis and transverse myelitis associated with Covid-19 infection, a case report

et al. 2022

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Encephalitis and transverse myelitis associated with Covid-19 infection, a case report

et al. 2022

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“…Furthermore, Moreno-Escobar et al, retrospective study revealed that COVID-19 patients with transvers myelitis are associated with DSN are highly respond to the combined treatment with bromocriptine and methylprednisolone (Moreno-Escobar et al, 2021). In general COVID-19 may associate with different neurological manifestations like meningoencephalitis, stroke, and Guillian-Barre syndrome (Madaan et al, 2021).…”

Section: Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19-Induced Dysautonomia: A Menace of Sympathetic Storm

Al-Kuraishy¹,

Al-Gareeb²,

Qusti

et al. 2021

ASN Neuro

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Among the plethora of debilitating neurological disorders of COVID-19 syndrome in survivors, the scope of SARS-CoV-2-induced dysautonomia (DNS) is yet to be understood, though the implications are enormous. Herein, we present an inclusive mini-review of SARS-CoV-2-induced DNS and its associated complications. Although, the direct link between Covid-19 and DSN is still speculative, the hypothetical links are thought to be either a direct neuronal injury of the autonomic pathway or a para/post-infectious immune-induced mechanism. SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced stress may activate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) leading to neuro-hormonal stimulation and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines with further development of sympathetic storm. Sympathetic over-activation in Covid-19 is correlated with increase in capillary pulmonary leakage, alveolar damage, and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 can spread through pulmonary mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors to medullary respiratory center in a retrograde manner resulting in sudden respiratory failure. Taken together, DSN in Covid-19 is developed due to sympathetic storm and inhibition of Parasympathetic nervous system-mediated anti-inflammatory effect with development of cytokine storm. Therefore, sympathetic and cytokine storms together with activation of Renin-Angiotensin-System are the chief final pathway involved in the development of DSN in Covid-19.

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“…However, the role of ongoing hormonal therapy in children with WS in modulating COVID-19 severity is debatable [8,9]. Besides, COVID-19 has been associated with varied new neurological manifestations in children and there are specific concerns for children with neurological disorders [11,12]. Hence, it is important to understand the implications of COVID-19 in children with WS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in Children with West Syndrome: An Ambispective Study

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesTo study the course of West syndrome (WS) and coronavirus disease-19 in children with WS who contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods This ambispective study was conducted at a tertiary-care center in North India between December 2020 and August 2021 after approval from the Institute Ethics Committee. Five children with WS, positive for COVID-19 based on RT-PCR, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results One child with COVID-19 during the first wave was retrospectively included while four children (of the 70 children screened) were prospectively enrolled. The median age at onset of epileptic spasms was 7 mo (2 boys), and that at presentation with COVID-19 was 18.5 mo. Three had underlying acquired structural etiology. Three were in remission following standard therapy, while two had ongoing spasms at the time of COVID-19 illness. During the illness, two of those in remission continued to be in remission while one child had a relapse. The children with ongoing epileptic spasms had variable course [one had persistent spasms and other had transient cessation lasting 3 wk from day 2 of COVID-19 illness, but electroencephalography (on day 8 of COVID-19 illness) continued to show hypsarrhythmia]. Fever was the most typical symptom (and sometimes the only symptom) of COVID-19, with a duration ranging from 1-8 d. Two children had moderate COVID-19 illness requiring hospitalization, while the rest had a mild illness. All the affected children had complete recovery from COVID-19. ConclusionThe severity of COVID-19 illness in children with WS is often mild, while the subsequent course of WS is variable.

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Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 in Children: Time to Be More Vigilant

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Encephalitis and transverse myelitis associated with Covid-19 infection, a case report

Encephalitis and transverse myelitis associated with Covid-19 infection, a case report

Covid-19-Induced Dysautonomia: A Menace of Sympathetic Storm

COVID-19 in Children with West Syndrome: An Ambispective Study

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