Neurological Neonatal Birth Injuries: A Literature Review

Ojumah, Naomi; Ramdhan, Rebecca C.; Wilson, Charlotte; Loukas, Marios; Oskouian, Rod J.; Tubbs, R. Shane

doi:10.7759/cureus.1938

Cited by 27 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, improved obstetric care has resulted in reduction in the incidence of birth trauma [3]. Though prenatal interventions such as amniocentesis and intrauterine transfusion may cause injuries to the fetus, they are not considered as birth injury [4]. The risk factors for birth trauma can be classified into three broad categories: Fetal factors, maternal factors and delivery mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of Birth Injuries in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria

Emeka¹,

Ekwochi²,

Tochukwu³

et al. 2019

AJBLS

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Background: Birth injury is defined as structural damage of a newborn secondary to mechanical forces that occur during labor and/or delivery. This study determined the incidence, risk factors and outcome of birth injury. Methodology: This was an observational study of birth injuries in neonates, over a period of one year, carried out at a tertiary hospital in Enugu, south east, Nigeria. Results: Out of the 1,735 births recorded during the period of the study, there were 19 cases of birth injuries. This gave an incidence of 11 per 1000 live births. No neonate had more than one injury. They were thirteen males and six females that sustained birth injury. Cephalohematoma was the most common birth injury. Others are caput succedaneum, clavicular fracture, Erb's palsy, femoral fracture, humeral fracture, shoulder dislocation and facial laceration. Mode of delivery, neonatal birth weight, gestational age and maternal parity were significant predictive risk factors for birth injury. Conclusion: In the current study, cephalohematoma was the most common birth injury, followed by caput succedaneum. There is need to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with birth injuries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of Birth Injuries in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria

Emeka¹,

Ekwochi²,

Tochukwu³

et al. 2019

AJBLS

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show abstract

“…Delivery and birth are complex processes, that predisposes the newborn to neurological complications, most frequently affecting brachial plexus, the V and VII pairs [1,2,6]. Injury to laryngeal recurrent (IX), pneumogastric (X) and hypoglossal (XII) nerves has been reported in the adult patient following surgery (shoulder or posterior cervical spine surgery), ear-nose-throat interventions (such as rhinoplasty) or after orotracheal intubation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are neurological injuries afflicting a newborn that occur as a result of birth trauma and/or obstetric procedures used during labor [1,2]. The existing knowledge of this matter is restricted to case reports and small cohort studies, however, concerning general birth trauma, literature shows that it has an estimated incidence of 2% for singleton vaginal delivery and 1.1% for cesarean deliveries [1,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These injuries seem to frequently occur during the second stage of labor, in which the fetus descends through the birth canal [2]. Various and complex mechanisms are accounted for as the basis of this complications, affecting mainly musculoskeletal structures, peripheral nerves and the spinal cord, through compression, uterine contractions, torques, stretching and a variable degree of hypoxia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various and complex mechanisms are accounted for as the basis of this complications, affecting mainly musculoskeletal structures, peripheral nerves and the spinal cord, through compression, uterine contractions, torques, stretching and a variable degree of hypoxia. The degree of severity can vary from neuropraxia and axonotmesis to severe paralysis [2]. Known risk factors can be divided into maternal, fetal and delivery mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Rare Event at Birth: A Case Report of Multiple Cranial Nerve Palsy

Cardoso¹

2019

NCP

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Post traumatic injuries of the lower cranial nerves are an infrequent event, especially as a result of birth trauma and obstetrical procedures. Literature has documented that this type of lesion is often found in the adult patient, as a consequence of medical and surgical interventions such as shoulder surgery, otorhinolaryngological procedures or airway manipulation, i.e. orotracheal intubation. Authors describe a case of multiple cranial nerve palsy, occurring in the IX, X and XII nerves, after forceps deliver in a newborn without airway manipulation, i.e. endotracheal intubation. We observed a complete neurological recovery. Patient's favorable evolution suggests neuropraxia as main mechanism, as a result of neural and brain stem compression or stretching.

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Neuroimaging Update on Traumatic Brain Injury

Tsiouris,

Lui

2024

IDKD Springer Series

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Traumatic brain injury is a common injury worldwide that affects individuals of all ages. Injuries can range in severity. Timely assessment of injury is important to triage cases that may be severe and imminently life-threatening, and neuroimaging is a critical component to the clinical care of such patients. Injuries may occur in multiple spaces from the extracranial soft tissues to the potential spaces between meningeal layers to the brain parenchyma itself. The neck and intracranial arterial and venous vessels can also be injured with devastating sequelae. CT, CTA, MRI, and MRA can all be useful in the assessment of head injury. In particular, CT is often used as a first-line imaging modality to screen for acute intracranial injury. MRI can be useful in patients who have discordance between symptoms and CT findings as well as in those with more prolonged symptoms or who suffer chronic sequelae of injury. Neuroimaging research is ongoing using MRI to study the underlying pathophysiology of head injury.

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Neurological Neonatal Birth Injuries: A Literature Review

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

Profile of Birth Injuries in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria

Profile of Birth Injuries in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria

A Rare Event at Birth: A Case Report of Multiple Cranial Nerve Palsy

Neuroimaging Update on Traumatic Brain Injury

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