Neurological soft signs as candidate endophenotypes for schizophrenia: A shooting star or a Northern star?

Chan, Raymond C.K.; Gottesman, Irving I.

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.01.005

Cited by 186 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 161 publications

(234 reference statements)

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“…several behavioral studies reporting motor deficits (Gerdes et al, 1999), as well as inefficient kinematic movement and motor control strategies (Van Aken et al, 2010a, 2010b, not unlike those found in schizophrenia (Chan and Gottesman, 2008). Along with altered connectivity in the SMN and the "where" dorsal stream, hypo-activation within the high level visual network (HLVisN) is consistent with impairments to the "what" ventral stream in 22q11DS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Resting-state networks in adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: Associations with prodromal symptoms and executive functions

Debbané

Lazouret

Lagioia

et al. 2012

Schizophrenia Research

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Atypical functional connectivity in the maturing brains of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) may contribute to the expression of early psychotic symptoms commonly reported by these youths. This study's objective was to examine functional connectivity in cerebral networks at rest (Resting-State Networks; RSNs) and their relationship to symptomatic and neuropsychological characteristics putting them at very high risk factor for developing psychosis. Twenty-seven adolescents with 22q11DS and 33 typically developing control adolescents matched for age, gender and handedness underwent an 8-minute resting state functional MRI session. RSNs identification procedure employed Independent Component Analysis (ICA). We tested for potential group differences in functional connectivity within-networks. Then, we examined relationships between network connectivity and symptomatic/neuropsychological characteristics in the 22q11DS group. A total of nine resting-state networks were identified. Between-group differences suggested both increased and decreased functional connectivity in the 22q11DS group, involving the default-mode, sensorimotor, visuo-spatial, and high level visual networks. Finally, atypical connectivity in the default-mode network, specifically within the left superior frontal gyrus region, correlated with prodromal symptom intensity and neuropsychological performances in the 22q11DS group. The results suggest that atypical functional connectivity may sustain both increased vulnerability to psychosis and characteristic cognitive impairments in 22q11DS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Resting-state networks in adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: Associations with prodromal symptoms and executive functions

Debbané

Lazouret

Lagioia

et al. 2012

Schizophrenia Research

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“…Both negative symptoms and NSS are considered to be relatively stable, trait markers of schizophrenia (Ventura et al, 2015;Chan & Gottesman, 2008), but have also been observed in other psychiatric populations (Foussias, Agid, Fervaha, & Remington, 2014;Kaiser, Heekeren, & Simon, 2011;Chen et al, 1995) and in clinical at-risk samples (Lyne et al, 2014;Piskulic et al, 2012). These markers may be considered as reflective of diffuse cerebral dysfunction related to aberrant development of neurocognitive systems.…”

Section: Secondary Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural brain markers are differentially associated with neurocognitive profiles in socially marginalized people with multimorbid illness.

et al. 2017

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Homeless and marginally housed individuals constitute a socially impoverished population characterized by high rates of multimorbid illness that includes polysubstance use, viral infection, and psychiatric illness. Their extensive exposure to risk factors is associated with numerous poor outcomes, yet little is known about structural brain integrity and its association with neurocognition in this population. In Study 1, we conducted a cluster analysis to re-construct three previously derived subgroups with distinct neurocognitive profiles in a large sample of socially marginalized persons (N = 299). Cluster 1 (n = 87) was characterized as highest functioning overall, whereas Cluster 3 (n = 103) was the lowest functioning neurocognitively, with a relative strength in decision-making. Cluster 2 (n = 109) fell intermediate to the other subgroups, with a relative weakness in decision-making. Next, we examined the association between complementary fronto-temporal cortical brain measures (gyrification, cortical thickness) and neurocognitive profiles using multinomial logistic regression. Chi-square tests and ANOVAs differentiated subgroups on proxy measures of neurodevelopment and acquired brain insult/risk exposure. We found that greater frontal and temporal gyrification and more proxies of aberrant neurodevelopment were associated with Cluster 3 (lowest functioning subgroup). Further, age moderated the association between orbitofrontal cortical thickness and neurocognition, with positive associations in older adults, and negative associations in younger adults. Finally, greater acquired brain insult/risk exposure was associated with the cluster characterized by selective decisionmaking impairment (Cluster 2), and the higher functioning cluster (Cluster 1). In Study 2, we examined the association between white matter integrity and neurocognitive profiles using multinomial logistic regression and Tract-based Spatial Statistics. We found significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA), with corresponding increased axial and radial diffusivity (AD, RD) in widespread and bilateral brain regions of Cluster 3.Differences in RD were more prominent compared to AD. Altogether, our findings highlight the unique pathways to neurocognitive impairment in a heterogeneous population and help to clarify the vulnerabilities confronted by different subgroups.

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“…Subtle neurological signs do not only refer to trait-related characteristics such as neuro-developmental deficits (Patankar et al 2012;Martins et al 2013) or genetic liability (Niethammer et al 2000;Gourion et al 2004;Bachmann et al 2005;Chan and Gottesman 2008), but are also associated with state-related changes such as acuity of psychopathological symptoms or treatment response (Bachmann et al 2005). Hence, new reliable methods to automatically assess motor deficits in schizophrenia do not only facilitate the examination of motor changes but can also be of clinical importance for establishing acuity of the disease and prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic parameters of throwing performance in patients with schizophrenia using a markerless motion capture system

Sá

Marques

Rocha

et al. 2014

Somatosensory & Motor Research

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Motor dysfunction is consistently reported but understudied in schizophrenia. It has been hypothesized that this abnormality may reflect a neuro-developmental disorder underlying this illness. The main goal of this study was to analyze movement patterns used by participants with schizophrenia and healthy controls during overarm throwing performance, using a markerless motion capture system. Thirteen schizophrenia patients and 16 healthy control patients performed the overarm throwing task in a markerless motion capture system. Participants were also examined for the presence of motor neurological soft signs (mNSS) using the Brief Motor Scale. Schizophrenia patients demonstrated a less developed movement pattern with low individualization of components compared to healthy controls. The schizophrenia group also displayed a higher incidence of mNSS. The presence of a less mature movement pattern can be an indicator of neuro-immaturity and a marker for atypical neurological development in schizophrenia. Our findings support the understanding of motor dysfunction as an intrinsic part of the disorder of schizophrenia.

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Neurological soft signs as candidate endophenotypes for schizophrenia: A shooting star or a Northern star?

Cited by 186 publications

References 161 publications

Resting-state networks in adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: Associations with prodromal symptoms and executive functions

Resting-state networks in adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: Associations with prodromal symptoms and executive functions

Structural brain markers are differentially associated with neurocognitive profiles in socially marginalized people with multimorbid illness.

Kinematic parameters of throwing performance in patients with schizophrenia using a markerless motion capture system

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