Neuromarkers and unconventional biological fluids

Gazzolo, Diego; Abella, Raúl; Frigiola, Alessandro; Giamberti, Alessandro; Tina, Gabriella Lucia; Nigro, Francesco; Florio, Pasquale; Colivicchi, Micaela; Temporini, Francesca; Ricotti, Alberto; Volti, Giovanni Li; Galvano, Fabio

doi:10.3109/14767058.2010.507960

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In particular, glial cells have a high concentration of S100B. S100B immunoassay kits are commercially available and can detect S100B in many biological fluids (urine, blood, CSF, amniotic fluid, saliva, and milk; Gazzolo and Michetti, 2010; Gazzolo et al, 2010). Furthermore, reference ranges are available for newborns and children through age three (Bouvier et al, 2011) and urine S100B reference ranges for preterm and term healthy newborns (Gazzolo et al, 2007).…”

Section: Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Newborns

Douglas-Escobar¹,

Weiss²

2012

Front. Neur.

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As neonatal intensive care has evolved, the focus has shifted from improving mortality alone to an effort to improve both mortality and morbidity. The most frequent source of neonatal brain injury occurs as a result of hypoxic-ischemic injury. Hypoxic-ischemic injury occurs in about 2 of 1,000 full-term infants and severe injured infants will have lifetime disabilities and neurodevelopmental delays. Most recently, remarkable efforts toward neuroprotection have been started with the advent of therapeutic hypothermia and a key step in the evolution of neonatal neuroprotection is the discovery of biomarkers that enable the clinician-scientist to screen infants for brain injury, monitor progression of disease, identify injured brain regions, and assess efficacy of neuroprotective clinical trials. Lastly, biomarkers offer great hope identifying when an injury occurred shedding light on the potential pathophysiology and the most effective therapy. In this article, we will review biomarkers of HIE including S100B, neuron specific enolase, umbilical cord IL-6, CK-BB, GFAP, myelin basic protein, UCHL-1, and pNF-H. We hope to contribute to the awareness, validation, and clinical use of established as well as novel neonatal brain injury biomarkers.

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Section: Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Newborns

Douglas-Escobar¹,

Weiss²

2012

Front. Neur.

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“…The main outcome of this meta-analysis is that the serum S-100β level is a reliable diagnostic marker for HIE, and serum S-100β levels can be used as a reference index to assess HIE severity. The S-100β protein is expressed in glial and neuronal cells (Gazzolo et al, 2010;Serpero et al, 2013). It has dual effects depending on its concentration; that is, at nanomolar concentrations, the protein is neurotrophic (Pustylnyak et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum levels of S-100β correlate with the clinical status and severity of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in neonates

Zhou

et al. 2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. The clinical significance of serum S-100β levels in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), as a reference index to assess HIE severity, was evaluated in this study. On the basis of our strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, relevant high-quality case-control studies reporting the association between HIE and S-100β protein were selected from electronic database searches. The STATA version 12.0 software was used for the statistical analyses. The database search initially retrieved 93 studies (37 in English and 56 in Chinese), and following a multistep screening process, 13 high-quality studies were eventually included in our meta-analysis. The 13 case-control studies included a total of 646 HIE neonates and 381 healthy controls. The results of this meta-analysis revealed that serum S-100β levels in mild, moderate, and severe HIE neonates were significantly higher than those in healthy controls, and the differences were statistically significant. Importantly, the serum S-100β levels increased incrementally with HIE severity. Our results support the hypothesis that S-100β is an important biological indicator of HIE and serum S-100β levels can be used as a reference index to assess HIE severity.

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“…Immunoassay kits are commercially available and can detect S100β in many biological fluids such as urine, blood, CSF, amniotic fluid, saliva, and milk (Gazzolo and Michetti, 2010; Gazzolo et al, 2010). Furthermore, reference ranges are available for the pediatric population including preterm and term healthy newborns (Gazzolo et al, 2007; Bouvier et al, 2011).…”

Section: Biomarkers Of Intraventricular Hemorrhagementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Brain Injury in the Premature Infant

Douglas-Escobar

Weiss

2013

Front. Neur.

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The term “encephalopathy of prematurity” encompasses not only the acute brain injury [such as intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)] but also complex disturbance on the infant’s subsequent brain development. In premature infants, the most frequent recognized source of brain injury is IVH and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Furthermore 20–25% infants with birth weigh less than 1,500 g will have IVH and that proportion increases to 45% if the birth weight is less than 500–750 g. In addition, nearly 60% of very low birth weight newborns will have hypoxic-ischemic injury. Therefore permanent lifetime neurodevelopmental disabilities are frequent in premature infants. Innovative approach to prevent or decrease brain injury in preterm infants requires discovery of biomarkers able to discriminate infants at risk for injury, monitor the progression of the injury, and assess efficacy of neuroprotective clinical trials. In this article, we will review biomarkers studied in premature infants with IVH, Post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilation (PHVD), and PVL including: S100b, Activin A, erythropoietin, chemokine CCL 18, GFAP, and NFL will also be examined. Some of the most promising biomarkers for IVH are S100β and Activin. The concentrations of TGF-β1, MMP-9, and PAI-1 in cerebrospinal fluid could be used to discriminate patients that will require shunt after PHVD. Neonatal brain injury is frequent in premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care and we hope to contribute to the awareness and interest in clinical validation of established as well as novel neonatal brain injury biomarkers.

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Neuromarkers and unconventional biological fluids

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Biomarkers of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Newborns

Biomarkers of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Newborns

Serum levels of S-100β correlate with the clinical status and severity of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in neonates

Biomarkers of Brain Injury in the Premature Infant

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