Neuromodulation of the anterior thalamic nucleus as a therapeutic option for difficult-to-control epilepsy

Targeting papez circuit for cognitive dysfunction- insights into deep brain stimulation for Alzheimer's disease

“…In a rat model, high frequency electrical stimulation of 500 μA disturbed the acquisition of contextual fear and impaired spatial memory [ 140 ], while ATN unilateral stimulation modulated memory performance along with increased c-Fos expression in the rat model and DBS-ATN had a significant impact on the other structures which are far from the target [ 110 , 141 ]. Interestingly, the ATN stimulation mitigated epilepsy in various clinical [ [142] , [143] , [144] ] and preclinical [ 141 ] observations and currently DBS-ATN has been approved for the treatment of refractory epilepsy. ATN-DBS was associated with subjectively reported depression and memory deficits [ 140 ].…”