Neuromorphic bioelectronics based on semiconducting polymers

Abstract

The recent development of neuromorphic devices with low power consumption and rapid response has been driven primarily by the growing demand for braininspired computing in human-like machines and human-machine interfaces. Remarkable progress has been made in developing neuromorphic bioelectronics that combine neuromorphic devices with electronic sensors. In this review, we provide an overview of semiconducting polymer-based neuromorphic devices and their applications in neuromorphic bioelectronics. We focus on recent advances in semiconducting polymer-based three-terminal artificial synapses that mimic neural communication behaviors. Various types of semiconducting polymers and synaptic platforms have been investigated, allowing significant improvement in their performance and expansion of their functionality. Proper selection of materials and device structures can help artificial sensory synapses to react to various external stimuli and to further modulate electrical signals. Advances in semiconducting polymer-based neuromorphic bioelectronics will accelerate the commercialization of human-machine interfacial systems, including intelligent prosthetics and implantable diagnostic devices.

A brief review on device operations and working mechanisms of organic transistor photomemories

“…7–17 Among the plethora of applications, in this section, the discussion will focus on two crucial applications, there are multilevel storage memory cells 7,8 and artificial synapses 10,11 due to the similarity of working principle utilization; 91 for other fascinating and feasible applications based on photonic memory devices can be found in the recent reports and literature reviews. 20,30,44,50,92–97…”

“…60 Knowing these parameters for the photosynaptic transistor-based device is essential. In the latter paragraph, the progress of photosynaptic transistors will be elaborated on the latest reports found in the literature which are not limited to the use of photoactive organics/polymers, 97,130,131 but also hybrid-inorganics and other potential photoactive materials. 115,118,119,121,132…”

Recent Progress in Bio‐Integrated Intelligent Sensing System

“…Following, we choose several example materials to demonstrate their main features that suit biointegrated applications. [8,15] In the last a few decades-given the technological advances and the increasing thirst to find green materials to interface with different biological environments in the human body-various flexible natural materials have been used in the bio-integrated sensing fields. As shown in Figure 2 and Table 1, those materials have shown robust advances in several aspects, such as mechanical flexibility, biocompatibility, and nontoxic biodegradation, which are difficult to simultaneously find in other conventional synthetic materials.…”

“…Following, we choose several example materials to demonstrate their main features that suit bio‐integrated applications. [ 8,15 ]…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Based on the continuous exploration in the fields of personalized healthcare, human enhancement, virtual/ augmented/mixed reality, etc., the bio-integrated intelligent sensing system (BISS) is the centerpiece that links the human with supporting intelligent devices. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The purpose of BISS is to achieve human-centered sensing, reverse stimulation, and data collection; such information is subsequently transmitted to the backend equipment, so as to realize features extraction, data analysis, and following applications. To separate the concept of BISS from conventional human-machine interface (HMI), such as keyboard, touch screen, and voice controller, bio-integrity and intelligent recognition are the two key differences (Figure 1a).…”