Neuromorphic Carbon for Fast and Durable Potassium Storage

Abstract

Graphitic carbon materials (GCs) are attractive as anodes for the industrialization of potassium ion batteries (PIBs). However, the poor cycle and rate performance of GC‐based anodes hinder the development of PIBs. In this study, inspired by the nervous system, neuromorphic GCs (NGCs) are designed to use as potassium anodes with high cycling stability and excellent rate performance. The inherent neuromorphic nature of NGCs enables fast signal transmission via multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which serve as efficient pathways for electronic transmission. Meanwhile, the low‐stress properties of hollow carbon spheres effectively support the cycling stability of PIBs. As a result, NGC‐based potassium anodes achieved an unprecedented cycle life over 18 months (2400 cycles) with a reversible capacity of up to 225 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Moreover, the novel anode exhibits exceptional rate performance (73.6 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1). The research presented here offers a practical and straightforward method for potassium's long‐term and high‐rate storage and beyond.

In situ quantitative polymerization of dopamine on dual functional carbon nanotubes as high stability and rate capacity anodes for potassium ion storage

“…37 The formation of a stable SEI by the KFSI (EC:DEC) electrolyte at the anode during the initial cycle has a positive effect on the long life and high capacity of the battery. 38 The electrolyte not only needs to conduct K + , but also needs to produce a stable SEI. The excellent toughness and strength of the SEI determine the battery's long cycle life.…”

Enhancing the Whole Migration Kinetics of Na+ in the Anode Side for Advanced Ultralow Temperature Sodium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitor

“…In Figure S8 (Supporting Information), the maximum stress of the SCS under 25 °C after 0.4 s was 0.577 MPa, much higher than that of both HCS (0.0244 MPa) and TH‐HCS (0.0073 MPa), indicating that the inner hollow structure could release stresses from the inside out during sodiation, promoting the stability of the carbon sphere over long‐term cycling. [ 17 ] More importantly, compared with hollow structure, through‐hole structure could further relieve internal stress. The maximum stress of TH‐HCS was lower than that of HCS, and it only concentrated at the around of through‐hole.…”

“…In addition to the aforementioned through‐hole and hollow structures that improve the wettability of electrolyte and relieve the internal stress, the defective structure also has a significant effect on the migration kinetics of Na + . [ 17 ] To reveal this effect, the corresponding density functional theory (DFT) calculation was performed. The Na + migration energies in two carbon samples with various defect structures were calculated (Figure 3d,e).…”

Revealing Interstitial Diffusion and Vacancy Diffusion Kinetics of Battery-like Electrodes for High-Performance Pseudocapacitors

“…The energy and climate crisis caused by fossil energy depletion and greenhouse gases emission has led to an urgent need for sustainable energy sources. − However, energy storage is vital to solving the instability problem of these sustainable energies. Due to their capacity to store charge through quick and reversible oxidation–reduction events on or near the surface of active materials, pseudocapacitors are among the most promising types of energy storage devices. , In pseudocapacitance, ions are embedded in redox-active materials without any crystal phase transition. The electrochemical process corresponding to this behavior is sometimes referred to as a “transitional” behavior between Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors .…”

“…Due to their capacity to store charge through quick and reversible oxidation−reduction events on or near the surface of active materials, pseudocapacitors are among the most promising types of energy storage devices. 4,5 In pseudocapacitance, ions are embedded in redox-active materials without any crystal phase transition. The electrochemical process corresponding to this behavior is sometimes referred to as a "transitional" behavior between Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors.…”