Neuromorphic Liquids, Colloids, and Gels: A Review

Kheirabadi, Noushin Raeisi; Chiolerio, Alessandro; Szaciłowski, Konrad; Adamatzky, Andrew

doi:10.1002/cphc.202200390

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Only recently, liquid and colloidal systems have been subject to attention for mimicking the ions moving in the human brain through embedding aqueous solutions in gel or solid-state scaffolds. [5] Being applicable to soft robotics, [6] energy harvesting, [7] and computation in general, [8] magnetic fluids are always of great research interest (Section S1, Supporting Information). Particularly, ferrofluids (FFs) are mixtures in which nanometricsize dispersed insoluble particles are suspended throughout a solvent, the particles being typically superparamagnetic, giving rise to interesting collective behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Demonstration of In‐Memory Computing in a Ferrofluid System

et al. 2023

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Magnetic fluids are excellent candidates for several important research fields including energy harvesting, biomedical applications, soft robotics, and exploration. However, notwithstanding relevant advancements such as shape reconfigurability, that have been demonstrated, there is no evidence for their computing capability, including the emulation of synaptic functions, which requires complex non‐linear dynamics. Here, it is experimentally demonstrated that a Fe3O4 water‐based ferrofluid (FF) can perform electrical analogue computing and be programmed using quasi direct current (DC) signals and read at radio frequency (RF) mode. Features have been observed in all respects attributable to a memristive behavior, featuring both short and long‐term information storage capacity and plasticity. The colloid is capable of classifying digits of a 8 × 8 pixel dataset using a custom in‐memory signal processing scheme, and through physical reservoir computing by training a readout layer. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of in‐memory computing using an amorphous FF system in a liquid aggregation state. This work poses the basis for the exploitation of a FF colloid as both an in‐memory computing device and as a full‐electric liquid computer thanks to its fluidity and the reported complex dynamics, via probing read‐out and programming ports.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Demonstration of In‐Memory Computing in a Ferrofluid System

et al. 2023

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“…Subsequently, the suspension was placed in an ultrasonic bath for a duration of 30 min. After this step, the stirring operation was resumed and continued for several additional hours to achieve a homogeneous dispersion of ZnO particles [17,18].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proteinoids, which are synthetic amino acids, have been effectively utilised in various materials including nanofibers, optical waveguides, and nanosensors [10][11][12]. On the other hand, ZnO colloids have already shown interesting features, among which: resistive switching features [13][14][15][16], their potential to function as electrical-analogue neurons [17], and the manifestation of Pavlovian reflexes [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical spiking activity of proteinoids-ZnO colloids

Mougkogiannis,

Raeisi Kheirabadi,

Chiolerio

et al. 2024

Neuromorph. Comput. Eng.

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We are studying the remarkable electrical properties of Proteinoids-ZnO microspheres with the aim of exploring their potential for a new form of computing. Our research has revealed that these microspheres exhibit behavior similar to neurons, generating electrical spikes that resemble action potentials. Through our investigations, we have studied the underlying mechanism behind this electrical activity and proposed that the spikes arise from oscillations between the degradation and reorganization of proteinoid molecules on the surface of ZnO. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential use of Proteinoids-ZnO colloids in unconventional computing and the development of novel neuromorphic liquid circuits. 

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“…In order to verify this hypothesis, the device was used to generate an arbitrary waveform by computing linear combinations of signals from various different outputs, which was performed with software support and the weights for operations were computed with an artificial neural network, which can be considered as a digital output layer of the reservoir. [215,224] Recently, a bio-hybrid heterojunction, in a hybrid of DNAaugmented Lindqvist-type polyoxovanadate (POV6) complex with the six-helix bundle (6HB) DNA origami carrier, prepared via a solution-processed assembling technique, has been reported to exhibit switching characteristics (Figure 9m). In this design, DNA-origami immobilized on the gold (Au) surface via thiolate groups, serves as a carrier (ad-layer) structure to ensure a controlled hybridization of the 6HB with DNA-augmented tris(alkoxo)-ligated POV6 units.…”

Section: Pom-based Nvm Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron‐Sponge Nature of Polyoxometalates for Next‐Generation Electrocatalytic Water Splitting and Nonvolatile Neuromorphic Devices

Ahmad,

Wang

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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Designing next‐generation molecular devices typically necessitates plentiful oxygen‐bearing sites to facilitate multiple‐electron transfers. However, the theoretical limits of existing materials for energy conversion and information storage devices make it inevitable to hunt for new competitors. Polyoxometalates (POMs), a unique class of metal‐oxide clusters, have been investigated exponentially due to their structural diversity and tunable redox properties. POMs behave as electron‐sponges owing to their intrinsic ability of reversible uptake‐release of multiple electrons. In this review, numerous POM‐frameworks together with desired features of a contender material and inherited properties of POMs are systematically discussed to demonstrate how and why the electron‐sponge‐like nature of POMs is beneficial to design next‐generation water oxidation/reduction electrocatalysts, and neuromorphic nonvolatile resistance‐switching random‐access memory devices. The aim is to converge the attention of scientists who are working separately on electrocatalysts and memory devices, on a point that, although the application types are different, they all hunt for a material that could exhibit electron‐sponge‐like feature to realize boosted performances and thus, encouraging the scientists of two completely different fields to explore POMs as imperious contenders to design next‐generation nanodevices. Finally, challenges and promising prospects in this research field are also highlighted.

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Neuromorphic Liquids, Colloids, and Gels: A Review

Cited by 25 publications

References 99 publications

Experimental Demonstration of In‐Memory Computing in a Ferrofluid System

Experimental Demonstration of In‐Memory Computing in a Ferrofluid System

Electrical spiking activity of proteinoids-ZnO colloids

Electron‐Sponge Nature of Polyoxometalates for Next‐Generation Electrocatalytic Water Splitting and Nonvolatile Neuromorphic Devices

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