Neuromuscular changes in a rat model of colitis

Aulí, Mariona; Nasser, Yasmin; Ho, Winnie; Burgueño, Joan F.; Keenan, Catherine M.; Romero, Carolina; Sharkey, Keith A.; Fernández, Ester

doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2008.04.005

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Indeed, the jejunum of HP piglets did not respond to carbachol (cholinergic agonist) or VIP as opposed to MF and AP piglets while in the ileum they did respond to VIP when MF and AP piglets did not. Such reduced response of the gut to cholinergic stimulation has been observed in various cases of gut dysfunction: electrolyte secretion in response to cholinomimetics was reduced in mice with T cell-driven enteropathies or rats infected with nematodes as a model of colitis (31); the smooth muscle contractile response to cholinergic stimulation was also reduced in the inflamed intestine (32). In the former study, altered acetylcholine metabolism 8 (increase AChE expression and activity, decreased packaging and exocytosis of acetylcholine, alteration of ChAT expression…) was involved (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Milk Formula Protein Content on Intestinal Barrier Function in a Porcine Model of LBW Neonates

et al. 2011

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ABSTRACT:Our study aimed at investigating the impact of the level of protein in milk formula on intestinal structure, barrier function, and its nervous regulation in normal and LBW neonates using a porcine model. Normal birth weight (NBW) or LBW piglets were fed from d7 to d28 of age either with a high protein (HP) or with an adequate protein (AP) formula or stayed with their mother [mother fed (MF)]. The proximal jejunum and distal ileum were sampled at d28 for morphometry analysis and ex vivo permeability measurement in Ussing chambers. Formula feeding induced a trophic effect on the jejunum and ileum of both NBW and LBW piglets, which exhibited longer villi than MF animals, irrespective of the type of formula. In NBW piglets, intestinal permeability was not altered by formula feeding. On the contrary, LBW piglets fed with HP formula, but not AP, exhibited a greater ileal permeability than MF piglets. Feeding the HP formula also disturbed jejunal and ileal regulation of permeability by acetylcholine and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in LBW compared with MF LBW piglets. In conclusion, the level of protein in formulas did not modify intestinal structure and function in NBW individuals but dramatically modified intestinal barrier function physiology in LBW individuals. (Pediatr Res 69: 4-9, 2011) T he health benefits of breast feeding have been recognized for a long time. However, many infants are still formulafed for periods of their first months of life. Formulation is an area of intensive research to improve the nutritional quality of milk formulas. However, the amount of protein per energy content is generally higher in formula than in human milk to meet the protein and amino acid requirements of infants (up to 40 and 66% more proteins than human milk for healthy neonates and preterm and LBW babies, respectively) (1). Epidemiological data point out an increased risk of developing metabolic disease and obesity later in life with accelerated growth in early life (2). High protein (HP) formulas are suspected to be one of the major factors of such accelerated growth (3). Therefore, the actual tendency is to reduce protein content in formulas toward the minimal level (4), although HP formulas are still recommended for premature and LBW babies (5).Several studies have established that formula-feeding impacts intestinal development. Using endoscopic techniques to obtain biopsies from healthy infants, Thompson et al. (6) observed that crypt length was increased by 30% in formulafed infants. More extensive studies undertaken in rats also concluded to a trophic effect of formula-versus breast-feeding on the intestine (7,8). Besides structural modifications, formula feeding also impacts intestinal epithelial barrier function. The epithelium lining the intestine plays an integrated role in maintaining intestinal barrier function through the proteins forming the tight junctions (TJs), which constitute a selective barrier and regulate the passage of molecules according to their size. Intestinal barrier function is ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Milk Formula Protein Content on Intestinal Barrier Function in a Porcine Model of LBW Neonates

et al. 2011

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“…It has been discovered that during the first six days of T. spiralis infection cholinergic innervation of the rat jejunum undergoes rapid alterations (Collins et al, 1989;Davis et al, 1998) whereas the levels of noradrenaline released by extrinsic nerves projecting to the jejunum fall (Swain et al, 1991). Moreover, in rats intrarectally infected with T. spiralis larvae (animal model of ulcerative colitis) several changes in neurochemical properties of enteric neurons were observed at 6 and 14 days post infection (PI; Auli et al, 2008). As the majority of studies focus on the impact of T. spiralis larvae on gut function in the early stages of parasite infection, an understanding of the putative changes in innervation pattern of the intestine in long-lasting trichinellosis (when infection has progressed to the muscle phase and adult worms are predominantly to be found in the intestine) is limited.…”

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confidence: 99%

Expression of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P and neuropeptide Y in jejunal enteric nerves is altered in rabbits suffering from long term Trichinella spiralis infection: an immunohistochemical study

Arciszewski¹,

Nowakowski²,

Wąsowicz³

et al. 2009

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:In the early intestinal stage of infection with the nematode Trichinella spiralis alterations in gut motility and chemical code of enteric neurons are observed. The present study was designed to characterize the changes in expression pattern of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in enteric nerves of the rabbit jejunum occurring during long-lasting trichinellosis (35 and 42 days). Sections of the jejunum from healthy and T. spiralis-infected rabbits were processed for double immunocytochemistry in which antibodies against protein gene product 9.5 were used as a pan-neuronal marker and mixed with antisera raised against VIP, SP or NPY. At 35 and 42 days post infection a marked decrease of VIP-, SP-and NPY-immunoreactive (IR) jejunal myenteric neurons was found, whereas the expression of these neuropeptides in submucous neurons was unchanged. In the myenteric plexus and the jejunal circular muscle of T. spiralis-infected rabbits a significant reduction of VIP-IR (but not SP-IR) nerve fibres was noted. In the longitudinal muscle of the jejunum from animals with long-lasting trichinellosis the density of SP-IR nerve terminals was decreased, whereas the number of VIP-containing nerve fibres was unchanged. Long-lasting trichinellosis had no influence on NPY-IR nerve fibres in both circular and longitudinal smooth muscles. The number of NPY-positive (but not VIP-and SP-IR) nerve fibres supplying mucosa and blood vessels was decreased in T. spiralis-infected animals. These data indicate that during long-lasting trichinellosis expression of neuropeptides in jejunal enteric neurons is changed. A possible involvement of VIP and SP in persistent intestinal dysmotility and NPY in altered fluid secretion is discussed.

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“…Recently, the ICC, which is known to regulate spontaneous contraction by generating slow waves in the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, has been increasingly studied. 17,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Many studies have reported that ICC injury plays an important role in various chronic diseases that cause abnormal gastrointestinal contractions. 27,[29][30][31][32][33]35 In addition, it has been reported that spontaneous contraction signals are transmitted by ICC networks and that the loss of small intestinal motility in humans was caused by reduction in the ICC networks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 Although many studies have been conducted to investigate digestive tract motility using various animal models, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] few studies have been conducted using IL-10 −/− mice. Accordingly, this study was conducted to investigate changes in colonic contractility in IL-10 −/− mice and the possible mechanisms of these changes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Alterations of Colonic Contractility in an Interleukin-10 Knockout Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Park

Kwon

Kim

et al. 2015

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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Background/Aims Inflammatory bowel disease is commonly accompanied by colonic dysmotility and causes changes in intestinal smooth muscle contractility. In this study, colonic smooth muscle contractility in a chronic inflammatory condition was investigated using smooth muscle tissues prepared from interleukin-10 knockout (IL-10 −/− ) mice. Methods Prepared smooth muscle sections were placed in an organ bath system. Cholinergic and nitrergic neuronal responses were observed using carbachol and electrical field stimulation with L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The expression of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) networks, muscarinic receptors, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was observed via immunofluorescent staining. Results The spontaneous contractility and expression of ICC networks in the proximal and distal colon was significantly decreased in IL-10 −/− mice compared to IL-10 +/+ mice. The contractility in response to carbachol was significantly decreased in the proximal colon of IL-10 −/− mice compared to IL-10 +/+ mice, but no significant difference was found in the distal colon. In addition, the expression of muscarinic receptor type 2 was reduced in the proximal colon of IL-10 −/− mice. The nictric oxide-mediated relaxation after electrical field stimulation was significantly decreased in the proximal and distal colon of IL-10 −/− mice. In inflamed colon, the expression of nNOS decreased, whereas the expression of iNOS increased. Conclusions These results suggest that damage to the ICC network and NOS system in the proximal and distal colon, as well as damage to the smooth muscle cholinergic receptor in the proximal colon may play an important role in the dysmotility of the inflamed colon.

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Neuromuscular changes in a rat model of colitis

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of Milk Formula Protein Content on Intestinal Barrier Function in a Porcine Model of LBW Neonates

Effect of Milk Formula Protein Content on Intestinal Barrier Function in a Porcine Model of LBW Neonates

Expression of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P and neuropeptide Y in jejunal enteric nerves is altered in rabbits suffering from long term Trichinella spiralis infection: an immunohistochemical study

Alterations of Colonic Contractility in an Interleukin-10 Knockout Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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