Neuromuscular coordination and proprioceptive control of rhythmical abdominal ventilation in intactLocusta migratoria migratorioides

Hustert, Reinhold

doi:10.1007/bf00645359

Cited by 66 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Perhaps the late-stage adults achieved maximal inhalation volumes similar to those of early-stage adults by using their inspiratory muscles. During most situations, grasshoppers use only the expiratory muscles (Hustert, 1975), and, if this were the case, reduced air sac volumes may have translated to reduced tidal volume. However, inspiratory muscles tend to be active during very heavy breathing (as would occur during hypoxia exposure) in grasshoppers (Hustert, 1975), and the consequent expansion of abdominal volume could allow the maintenance of maximal tidal volume.…”

Section: Index Of Tidal Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of respiratory function in the American locustSchistocerca americana

Greenlee

Harrison

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYWe hypothesized that oxygen delivery becomes more difficult for insects and tracheate arthropods as they progress throughout an intermolt period. During this time, body mass can more than double, yet the major tracheae and spiracles cannot be increased in size until molting. Also, tissue growth could compress air sacs used for convective gas exchange. To test these possibilities, we investigated the effect of within-instar growth on respiratory parameters, including CO2 emission rate, ventilation frequency, tidal volume and critical oxygen partial pressure(PO) for first-, third- and fifth-instar juveniles and adults of the American locust Schistocerca americana. We found that late-stage grasshoppers tended to have 40% higher total CO2emission rates but 15% lower mass-specific CO2 emission rates and 35% higher ventilation frequencies than early-stage animals. Maximal tracheal system conductance decreased by 20-33% at the end of an instar, possibly due to compression of air sacs. In addition, animals nearing the end of an instar had higher critical PO values for abdominal pumping, and late-stage adults had 50% lower tidal volumes, suggesting that increases in tissue mass throughout an instar may hinder the ability of animals to breathe deeply. Late-stage adults had lower critical PO values for CO2 emission, although this pattern was not found in any juvenile instars, indicating that late-stage juveniles compensate for decreased conductance by increasing ventilation frequency or the use of diffusive gas exchange. Our data suggest that late-stage arthropods are more vulnerable to hypoxia and may have reduced aerobic capacities and lower tissue PO s than early-stage arthropods.

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Section: Index Of Tidal Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This increase could indicate that all animals increased diffusive gas exchange at very low PO∑ levels (e.g. opening of spiracles or removal of tracheolar fluid) or increased micro-ventilatory movements (Hustert, 1975).…”

Section: Co 2 Loss Per Breath and Expired Pco∑mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of respiratory function in the American locustSchistocerca americana

Greenlee

Harrison

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Any closing saves water (the 'closing strategy'), as only CO 2 and O 2 are exchanged rapidly at the next opening; which is not the case for water vapour (the 'partial pressure Kestler, 2003). The closed period is followed by the F period, during which the spiracles open, either repetitively in micro-openings (Kestler, 1985) or in more regular miniature inspirations as found in locust (Hustert, 1975) and tenebrionid beetles (Lighton, 1991;Duncan, 2003), or by a more or less wide opening with vibrating flutter movements according to the O 2 demand. Minimising the opening frequency minimises water loss by the closing strategy in combination with the partial pressure strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the mesothoracic spiracles in respiration in flighted and flightless dung beetles

Duncan

Byrne

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The relative role of the mesothoracic and abdominal spiracles in respiration was examined using flow-through respirometry in four dung beetle species from different habitats. Two species of flightless beetles, Scarabaeus (Pachysoma) gariepinus and Scarabaeus (Pachysoma) striatum, from the arid western region of southern Africa and a large flighted species, Pachylomerus femoralis, from a more mesic habitat were compared with Circellium bacchus, a flightless beetle from a low rainfall eastern area. All species showed a form of the discontinuous gas exchange pattern at rest. The mesic flighted species used a closed, flutter, open, cycle (CFO) while those species from more arid habitats used a closed, ventilation, cycle (CV) or a closed, burst cycle (CB). The relative importance of the mesothoracic spiracles in CO 2 emission varied between the species, even between those from the same genus and habitat. C. bacchus and P. femoralis represent extremes of CO 2 emission from the mesothoracic spiracles; from almost total to almost none, respectively. Overall, mesothoracic CO 2 emission and convection were more pronounced in the dry habitat species, supporting the hypothesis that both strategies aid in the reduction of water loss.

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“…The flutter period of the cyclic gas exchange was first described in silkworm (Hyalophora cecropia) pupae and is characterized by small movements of the spiracular valve: opening slightly for a few seconds and then closing (fluttering), with each opening accompanied by a stepwise increase in pressure towards atmospheric (Levy & Schneiderman, 1966;Brockway & Schneiderman, 1967;Kestler, 1985). A convective and quantized F phase ventilation occurs in locusts (Hustert, 1975) and desert tenebrionid beetles (Lighton, 1991;Duncan et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another type of obligatory body movements are the miniature inspirations or ventilations recorded in the F period, which are characterized by regular CO2 release. The underlying suction ventilation was recorded first by Hustert (1975) in myograms of the abdominal inspiratory muscles of locusts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns in abdominal pumping, miniature inspirations and heartbeats simultaneously recorded during cyclical gas exchange in adult Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) using a respirometer and IR actographs

Sibul¹,

Kuusik²,

Voolma³

2004

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Rhythms in abdominal pumping, heartbeats and discontinuous gas exchange cycles (DGCs) of CFV subtype (closed, flutter and ventilation periods) in adults of pine weevil Hylobius abietis were simultaneously recorded using an electrolytic microrespirometer and an infrared (IR) cardiograph or IR actograph (IRA). The cyclic release of carbon dioxide was associated with active ventilation (V phase) provided by vigorous abdominal pumping movements due to contractions of tonic longitudinal and transversal abdominal muscles, which are visible to the naked eye. On the IRA-recordings, the abdominal pumping signals are superimposed on the heartbeat spikes. The relative amplitude of the abdominal pumping signals on these recordings is more than 10 times greater than that of the heart beats. Visual observations showed that the subelytral cavity appeared to be closed during the release of carbon dioxide and open at other times. The flutter (F) of the CFV cycle is characterised by active miniature inspirations or ventilations before the V period. The miniature ventilation movements were imperceptible to the naked eye, but were recorded on the respirometer-actigraph as clear spikes. In addition, movements of the tip of the abdomen, of between 10−20 µm were seen under a stereomicroscope at a magnification of 40×. Some cycles were categorized as (C)FV cycles, when the C period disappears into the end of the V period. Abdominal pumping and miniature inspirations were clearly synchronized with the CFV cycles. Abdominal pumping movements, miniature inspirations or ventilations and heartbeats in adult H. abietis were distinguishable when recordings of the electrolytic microrespirometer-actograph and IRA were made in parallel. These three events were recognized by their different amplitudes and frequencies. It is presumed that abdominal pumping and miniature inspirations in adult H. abietis are obligatory rhythmic movements of different function and origin.

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Neuromuscular coordination and proprioceptive control of rhythmical abdominal ventilation in intactLocusta migratoria migratorioides

Cited by 66 publications

References 26 publications

Development of respiratory function in the American locustSchistocerca americana

Development of respiratory function in the American locustSchistocerca americana

The role of the mesothoracic spiracles in respiration in flighted and flightless dung beetles

Patterns in abdominal pumping, miniature inspirations and heartbeats simultaneously recorded during cyclical gas exchange in adult Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) using a respirometer and IR actographs

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