Neuromuscular effects of venoms and crotoxin-like proteins from Crotalus durissus ruruima and Crotalus durissus cumanensis

Cavalcante, Walter Luís Garrido; Ponce-Soto, Luis Alberto; Marangoni, Sérgio; Gallacci, Márcia

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.01.006

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The caseinolytic activity of the yellow venom of C. d. ruruima is three-fold higher than the white venom of C. d. terrificus or C. d. ruruima . On the other hand, Cavalcante and Ponce-Soto (2015) showed that the venom of C. d. ruruima and C. d. . cumanensis displays neurotoxic activity due to crotoxin activity, and crotoxin from C. d. cumanensis was more potent than that from C. d. ruruima venom.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Envenoming by the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus ruruima in the state of roraima, Brazil

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical-epidemiological factors associated with victims of rattlesnake envenoming in the state of Roraima, Brazil. In this location, rattlesnake accidents are caused by the subspecies Crotalus durissus ruruima . This is a prospective observational study carried out at the General Hospital of Roraima from april 2017 until july 2018. A total of 37 alleged rattlesnake victims had their medical records evaluated. However only one of them proved to be by C. d. ruruima . All individuals were residents from the savannas (lavrados) of Roraima. The town of Bonfim on the border between Brazil and Guyana had the highest occurrence of rattlesnake bites. The most affected group were males aged 13–20 years and farmers. The highest number of incidents occurred during daytime and lower limbs (feet) were the most major affected part of the body. Tourniquets were used as first aid after snake envenoming in 32.4% of victims. Out of 37 patients, 16.2% were classified as severe cases of snakebite envenoming and in 5.4% dry bites seem to have occurred. Among the symptomatic patients, 100% presented local manifestations and 70.3% presented systemic manifestations. The clinical setting showed local effects such as pain and edema while the systemic effects were blurred vision, myalgias, myasthenic facies, palpebral ptosis, muscle weakness and headache. Laboratory results of aspartate aminotransferase (62.2%), creatine phosphokinase (51.3%), lactic dehydrogenase (37.8%), urea level (32.4%) and serum creatinine (29.7%) were increased significantly in relation to the reference standards. In 16.2% of the cases, the victims presented acute kidney injury. Patients were treated with anticrotalic serum in 70.3% of the cases and antibotropic + anticrotalic serum in 24.3%. The victims of C. d. ruruima in Roraima showed a local symptomatology similar to Bothrops envenoming, while systemic symptoms and laboratory analysis proved kidney and muscular injuries, similar to envenoming by Crotalus d. terrificus in Brazil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Envenoming by the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus ruruima in the state of roraima, Brazil

et al. 2020

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“…For example, crotoxin, a neurotoxic phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ), is the main toxin of C. durissus venom and accounts for 70–90% of its venom proteome [6–10]. On the other hand, significant variation has been observed for crotamine at both individual and population levels, since it accounts from 2 up to 22% of C. durissus proteome [9, 11–13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antivenomics as a tool to improve the neutralizing capacity of the crotalic antivenom: a study with crotamine

Teixeira-Araújo

Castanheira

Brazil-Más

et al. 2017

J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis

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BackgroundSnakebite treatment requires administration of an appropriate antivenom that should contain antibodies capable of neutralizing the venom. To achieve this goal, antivenom production must start from a suitable immunization protocol and proper venom mixtures. In Brazil, antivenom against South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) bites is produced by public institutions based on the guidelines defined by the regulatory agency of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, ANVISA. However, each institution uses its own mixture of rattlesnake venom antigens. Previous works have shown that crotamine, a toxin found in Crolatus durissus venom, shows marked individual and populational variation. In addition, serum produced from crotamine-negative venoms fails to recognize this molecule.MethodsIn this work, we used an antivenomics approach to assess the cross-reactivity of crotalic antivenom manufactured by IVB towards crotamine-negative venom and a mixture of crotamine-negative/crotamine-positive venoms.ResultsWe show that the venom mixture containing 20% crotamine and 57% crotoxin produced a strong immunogenic response in horses. Antivenom raised against this venom mixture reacted with most venom components including crotamine and crotoxin, in contrast to the antivenom raised against crotamine-negative venom.ConclusionsThese results indicate that venomic databases and antivenomics analysis provide a useful approach for choosing the better venom mixture for antibody production and for the subsequent screening of antivenom cross-reactivity with relevant snake venom components.

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“…Other Crotalus ssp. from adjacent geographical location, such as C. d. ruruima and C. d. cumanensis, have similar venom compositions, showing both hemorrhagic and neurotoxic activities (Aguilar et al, 2007;Calvete et al, 2010;Cavalcante et al, 2015;Dos Santos et al, 1993). Thus, there must be some positive evolutionary pressure to favor this phenotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although type II appears to be more abundant in South America, while the type I in northern and central part of the continent, exceptions were described. South American exceptions to this classification are Crotalus durissus ruruima (Dos Santos et al, 1993), C. d. cumanensis (Cavalcante et al, 2015;Yoshida-Kanashiro et al, 2003) and Crotalus vegrandis (Gir on et al, 2005), whose venoms display both hemorrhagic and neurotoxic activities. North and Central American exception are the species Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (Massey et al, 2012), Crotalus viridis/oreganus complex (Mackessy, 2010), Crotalus horridus (Glenn et al, 1994), Crotalus simus (Castro et al, 2013) and Crotalus tigris .…”

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confidence: 99%

Proteomic analysis of the rare Uracoan rattlesnake Crotalus vegrandis venom: Evidence of a broad arsenal of toxins

Viala

Hildebrand

Fucase

et al. 2015

Toxicon

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The investigation of venoms has many clinical, pharmacological, ecological and evolutionary outcomes. The Crotalus spp. venom can cause hemorrhage, neurotoxicity, myotoxicity, coagulopathy and hypotension. Although neurotoxicity and hemorrhage usually does not occur for the same species, the rare Venezuelan species Crotalus vegrandis presents both characteristic. Different from the other species it has a restricted ecological niche and geographical distribution. Nevertheless, it has a raising medical importance as this rattlesnake population is increasing. Few works describe its neurotoxic and hemorrhagic features, but other toxins might play an important role in envenomation. We combined proteomic methods to identify for the first time the main components of it venom: 2D SDS-PAGE and gel-filtration chromatography for protein mixture decomplexation; LC-MS(2) of low molecular mass fractions and tryptic peptides; bioinformatic identification of toxin families and specific protein species based on unique peptide analysis and sequence database enriched with species-specific venom gland transcripts; and finally polyclonal anti-crotamine Western-blotting. Our results point to a broad arsenal of toxins in C. vegrandis venom: PIII and PII metalloproteases, crotoxin subunits, other phospholipases, isoforms of serine proteases and lectins, l-amino-acid oxidase, nerve growth factor, as well as other less abundant toxins.

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Neuromuscular effects of venoms and crotoxin-like proteins from Crotalus durissus ruruima and Crotalus durissus cumanensis

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Envenoming by the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus ruruima in the state of roraima, Brazil

Envenoming by the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus ruruima in the state of roraima, Brazil

Antivenomics as a tool to improve the neutralizing capacity of the crotalic antivenom: a study with crotamine

Proteomic analysis of the rare Uracoan rattlesnake Crotalus vegrandis venom: Evidence of a broad arsenal of toxins

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