Neuronal activity in the primate supplementary, pre-supplementary and premotor cortex during externally and internally instructed sequential movements

Halsband, Ulrike; Matsuzaka, Yoshiya; Tanji, Jun

doi:10.1016/0168-0102(94)90032-9

Cited by 202 publications

(102 citation statements)

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“…It is not clear whether another putative function of the SMA, that of sequencing movement, or a possible role of suppressing mirror movements [7,8] is of greater importance. The role of the SMA in sequential movement has been stressed by a number of researchers [18,19,31,33,48]. In our task, there were two aspects of sequencing: ®rst, the sequencing of movements within a hand and, second, the sequencing of movements between hands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

fMRI study of bimanual coordination

et al. 2000

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Eleven right-handed subjects performed uni-and bimanual tapping tasks. Hemodynamic responses as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the primary somato-motor cortex (SMC) showed that during bimanual activity the SMC contralateral to the hand taking the faster rate was more strongly activated than the SMC contralateral to hand taking the slower rate. There were no asymmetries; left SMC activation during the right fast/left slow tapping condition was comparable to the right SMC activation during the left fast/right slow condition. A given SMC showed similar activation levels for bimanual and unimanual activity (i.e. left SMC activation for right fast/left slow was similar to left SMC activation for the right fast unimanual condition). In contrast, a given supplementary motor area (SMA) showed signi®cantly more activation for the bimanual than for the unimanual activity. In addition, an asymmetry was observed during bimanual activities: during the right fast/left slow activity, the left SMA showed more activation than the right SMA, but during the left fast/right slow activity, the right SMA was not signi®cantly more activated than the left SMA. For unimanual activities, a clear rate e ect (greater activation for faster rate) was seen in the SMC but not in the SMA. #

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

fMRI study of bimanual coordination

et al. 2000

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“…Compared to habitual (internally cued) speech, measures of speech function and intelligibility improve when PD subjects are prompted (externally cued) to speak more loudly, clearly, or slowly (Dromey & Ramig, 1998; Ho, Bradshaw, Iansek, & Alfredson, 1999; Sapir, 2014; Tjaden, Sussman, & Wilding, 2014). As motor preparatory activity in PMd is biased toward the planning and execution of movements that are externally cued (Halsband, Matsuzaka, & Tanji, 1994; Halsband & Passingham, 1982; Lu, Arai, Tsai, & Ziemann, 2012; Mushiake, Inase, & Tanji, 1991), increased connectivity with GPi could reflect a mechanism for compensatory reliance on external cues during speech production in PD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered resting‐state functional connectivity of the putamen and internal globus pallidus is related to speech impairment in Parkinson's disease

et al. 2018

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IntroductionSpeech impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is pervasive, with life‐impacting consequences. Yet, little is known about how functional connections between the basal ganglia and cortex relate to PD speech impairment (PDSI). Whole‐brain resting‐state connectivity analyses of basal ganglia nuclei can expand the understanding of PDSI pathophysiology.MethodsResting‐state data from 89 right‐handed subjects were downloaded from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database. Subjects included 12 older healthy controls (“OHC”), 42 PD patients without speech impairment (“PDN”), and 35 PD subjects with speech impairment (“PDSI”). Subjects were assigned to PDN and PDSI groups based on the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) Part III speech item scores (“0” vs. “1–4”). Whole‐brain functional connectivity was calculated for four basal ganglia seeds in each hemisphere: putamen, caudate, external globus pallidus (GPe), and internal globus pallidus (GPi). For each seed region, group‐averaged connectivity maps were compared among OHC, PDN, and PDSI groups using a multivariate ANCOVA controlling for the effects of age and sex. Subsequent planned pairwise t‐tests were performed to determine differences between the three groups using a voxel‐wise threshold of p < 0.001 and cluster‐extent threshold of 272 mm3 (FWE<0.05).ResultsIn comparison with OHCs, both PDN and PDSI groups demonstrated significant differences in cortical connectivity with bilateral putamen, bilateral GPe, and right caudate. Compared to the PDN group, the PDSI subjects demonstrated significant differences in cortical connectivity with left putamen and left GPi. PDSI subjects had lower connectivity between the left putamen and left superior temporal gyrus compared to PDN. In addition, PDSI subjects had greater connectivity between left GPi and three cortical regions: left dorsal premotor/laryngeal motor cortex, left angular gyrus, and right angular gyrus.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that speech impairment in PD is associated with altered cortical connectivity with left putamen and left GPi.

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“…These neurons were active before or during only one type of sequential movement, reflecting motor memory. In a subsequent study [22], sequencing of multiple movements was required in the motor task. It was found that a majority of SMA neurons were preferentially active when the sequence was generated on the basis of memory.…”

Section: Sma Neurons In Organizing Temporal Sequences Of Multiple Movmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of neuronal activity in the supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex

Tanji

Mushiake

1996

Cognitive Brain Research

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Neuronal activity in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and primary motor cortex (MI) have been compared in many experiments during performance of many different motor tasks. On one hand, the activity in both areas may appear similar, especially when the motor task is simple. On the other hand, if the motor tasks are more demanding, neuronal activity in the SMA exhibits a variety of complex relationship to many different aspects of motor behavior, while the activity in MI is mostly related to execution of motor task itself. Of particular interest is the neuronal activity in the SMA during preparation and execution of motor tasks when no external cues for the retrieval of appropriate motor act is available. Temporal sequencing of multiple movements is a typical example of the kind of motor task that requires profound activity in the SMA.Keywords: Supplementary motor area (SMA); Primary motor cortex (MI); Pre-SMA; Motor preparation; Motor sequence; Subhuman primate New concepts of motor areas in the medial frontal cortexUntil recently, only one motor representation area was known to exist in the medial part of the frontal lobe, as described in classical reports [55,80]. However, it is now proposed that at least four somatomotor fields and one oculomotor field exist in the medial frontal cortex. [65]. Traditionally, the supplementary motor area (SMA) has been defined as a single motor area in the frontal agranular cortex, corresponding to medial part of Brodmann's area 6. However, some indications for possible existence of heterogeneity in this region has been obtained [2,15,25,42]. On the basis of cytoarchitectonic analysis combined with cytochrome oxidase histochemistry and detailed ICMS studies, Rizzolatti and coworkers proposed a view that two motor areas exist in the region of the cortex traditionally defined as the SMA [41,44]. They termed the rostral and caudal areas as F6 and F3, largely corresponding to 6ab and 6aa of Vogts [78]. They also reported the existence of neuronal activity characteristic in mesial 6ab, namely, the activity during arm reaching-grasping movements [57]. Systematic attempts were made in our laboratory to determine whether it is possible to define two different areas unequivocally by a battery of physiological tests [45]. By implanting electrodes into the forelimb area of the MI, we found that field and unitary responses to electrical stimulation were distinct in the caudal part of mesial area 6, but not in the rostral part. The caudal part was distinctly more microexcitable by the ICMS than the rostral part. Neuronal responses to visual stimuli prevailed in the rostral part, but somatosensory responses were rare. The opposite was true in the caudal part [24,79]. Furthermore, single-unit activity during performance of a trained motor task was quantitatively analyzed and compared in the same individuals. Phasic responses to visual cue signals indicating the direction of forthcoming arm-reaching movement were more abundant in the rostral part. Neuronal activity changes during th...

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Neuronal activity in the primate supplementary, pre-supplementary and premotor cortex during externally and internally instructed sequential movements

Cited by 202 publications

References 29 publications

fMRI study of bimanual coordination

fMRI study of bimanual coordination

Altered resting‐state functional connectivity of the putamen and internal globus pallidus is related to speech impairment in Parkinson's disease

Comparison of neuronal activity in the supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex

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