Neuronal activity in the primate globus pallidus during smooth pursuit eye movements

Yoshida, Atsushi; Tanaka, Masaki

doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e32831af055

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, one fairly direct way of studying the activity of the corticostriatal loop is the measurement of anticipatory eye movement during an oculomotor task. Indeed, anticipatory saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements have extensively been studied in primates [21]; [16]–[17], [20], [78]–[79]; [10]; [11]; [14]; [13]; [9]; [12]; [15]; [8] and involve both basal ganglia [80]–[81]; [82]; [46]; [83], [84]; [85]; [86], [87]–[88], [89]; [90]; [91] and frontal cortex [24]; [23]; [26]; [22]; [25]. Neuronal processes driving eye movements have been studied in detail and, although some unanswered questions still persist, they are among the best described neural systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Impulsivity Predict Anticipatory Eye Movements

et al. 2011

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Impulsivity is the tendency to act without forethought. It is a personality trait commonly used in the diagnosis of many psychiatric diseases. In clinical practice, impulsivity is estimated using written questionnaires. However, answers to questions might be subject to personal biases and misinterpretations. In order to alleviate this problem, eye movements could be used to study differences in decision processes related to impulsivity. Therefore, we investigated correlations between impulsivity scores obtained with a questionnaire in healthy subjects and characteristics of their anticipatory eye movements in a simple smooth pursuit task. Healthy subjects were asked to answer the UPPS questionnaire (Urgency Premeditation Perseverance and Sensation seeking Impulsive Behavior scale), which distinguishes four independent dimensions of impulsivity: Urgency, lack of Premeditation, lack of Perseverance, and Sensation seeking. The same subjects took part in an oculomotor task that consisted of pursuing a target that moved in a predictable direction. This task reliably evoked anticipatory saccades and smooth eye movements. We found that eye movement characteristics such as latency and velocity were significantly correlated with UPPS scores. The specific correlations between distinct UPPS factors and oculomotor anticipation parameters support the validity of the UPPS construct and corroborate neurobiological explanations for impulsivity. We suggest that the oculomotor approach of impulsivity put forth in the present study could help bridge the gap between psychiatry and physiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Impulsivity Predict Anticipatory Eye Movements

et al. 2011

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“…Basal ganglia outputs project to the FEF and SEF through the thalamus, and Cui et al (2003) described a possible pursuit loop between the caudal FEF and basal ganglia (Figure 15, thick dashed lines, also Lynch and Tian, 2006). Yoshida and Tanaka (2009) suggested that this loop may contribute to maintaining normal pursuit gain.…”

Section: Preliminary Results Of Clinical Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basal ganglia are necessary for efficient and accurate pursuit performance possibly by contributing to maintaining normal pursuit gain (Cui et al, 2003; Lynch and Tian, 2006; Yoshida and Tanaka, 2009) and by inducing the priming effects on visual motion responses of SEF and caudal FEF neurons (Figure 15, thick dashed lines). The latter may be necessary for fast and “automatic” selection of pursuit target during memory-based pursuit (see Memory-Based Smooth-Pursuit; Figure 14B1, *).…”

Section: Functional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular-Related Frontal Cortical Areas and Their Roles in Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movements: Representation of Neck Velocity, Neck-Vestibular Interactions, and Memory-Based Smooth-Pursuit

Fukushima¹,

Fukushima²,

Warabi³

2011

Front. Neur.

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Smooth-pursuit eye movements are voluntary responses to small slow-moving objects in the fronto-parallel plane. They evolved in primates, who possess high-acuity foveae, to ensure clear vision about the moving target. The primate frontal cortex contains two smooth-pursuit related areas; the caudal part of the frontal eye fields (FEF) and the supplementary eye fields (SEF). Both areas receive vestibular inputs. We review functional differences between the two areas in smooth-pursuit. Most FEF pursuit neurons signal pursuit parameters such as eye velocity and gaze-velocity, and are involved in canceling the vestibulo-ocular reflex by linear addition of vestibular and smooth-pursuit responses. In contrast, gaze-velocity signals are rarely represented in the SEF. Most FEF pursuit neurons receive neck velocity inputs, while discharge modulation during pursuit and trunk-on-head rotation adds linearly. Linear addition also occurs between neck velocity responses and vestibular responses during head-on-trunk rotation in a task-dependent manner. During cross-axis pursuit–vestibular interactions, vestibular signals effectively initiate predictive pursuit eye movements. Most FEF pursuit neurons discharge during the interaction training after the onset of pursuit eye velocity, making their involvement unlikely in the initial stages of generating predictive pursuit. Comparison of representative signals in the two areas and the results of chemical inactivation during a memory-based smooth-pursuit task indicate they have different roles; the SEF plans smooth-pursuit including working memory of motion–direction, whereas the caudal FEF generates motor commands for pursuit eye movements. Patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease were asked to perform this task, since impaired smooth-pursuit and visual working memory deficit during cognitive tasks have been reported in most patients. Preliminary results suggested specific roles of the basal ganglia in memory-based smooth-pursuit.

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“…In the following, reward-related signals have been identified also in the visual cortex, including the primary visual cortex V1 (Serences, 2008;Stanisor et al, 2013). Furthermore the basal ganglia play an important role in the control of saccades by reward (Hikosaka, 2007;Hikosaka, Takikawa, & Kawagoe, 2000) and pursuit-related signals have been identified recently (Basso, Pokorny, & Liu, 2005;Yoshida & Tanaka, 2009).…”

Section: Neurophysiological Basismentioning

confidence: 97%

Dynamic integration of information about salience and value for smooth pursuit eye movements

2015

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Eye movement behavior can be determined by bottom-up factors like visual salience and by top-down factors like expected value. These different types of signals have to be combined for the control of eye movements. In this study we investigated how smooth pursuit eye movements integrate salience and value information. Observers were asked to track a random-dot kinematogram containing two coherent motion directions. To manipulate salience, the coherence or the density of one of the motion signals was varied. To manipulate value, observers won or lost money in a separate experiment if they were tracking one or the other motion direction. Our results show that pursuit direction was initially determined only by salience. 300-400 ms after target motion onset, pursuit steered towards the rewarded direction and the salience effects disappeared. The time course of this effect depended crucially on the difficulty to segment the two signal directions. These results indicate that salience determines early pursuit responses in the same way as saccades with short latencies. Value information is processed slower and dominates pursuit after several 100 ms.

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Neuronal activity in the primate globus pallidus during smooth pursuit eye movements

Cited by 27 publications

References 23 publications

Individual Differences in Impulsivity Predict Anticipatory Eye Movements

Individual Differences in Impulsivity Predict Anticipatory Eye Movements

Vestibular-Related Frontal Cortical Areas and Their Roles in Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movements: Representation of Neck Velocity, Neck-Vestibular Interactions, and Memory-Based Smooth-Pursuit

Dynamic integration of information about salience and value for smooth pursuit eye movements

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