Neuronal Network Plasticity and Network Interactions are Critically Dependent on Conditional Multireceptive (CMR) Brain Regions

Faingold, Carl L.; Riaz, Awais; Stittsworth, James D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-415804-7.00028-9

Cited by 2 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Primary sensory neurons recorded simultaneously with CMR neurons are minimally affected by the same doses of these convulsant drugs (~40% to 60% above control) as compared to ~300% in CMR neurons in the BRF recorded simultaneously (Faingold and others 2014b). The qualitative effects are even more dramatic.…”

Section: Neuronal Network Organization and Neuroplasticitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Short-term plasticity is a less well recognized form of neuroplasticity, which is more difficult to study, but is nevertheless potentially extremely important to network operations. Such short-term plasticity often occurs due to high degree of response variability that is observed in a group of brain sites that have been termed “conditional multireceptive” (CMR) brain regions (Faingold 2008; Faingold and others 2014b). Brain regions that contain a significant proportion of neurons that exhibit such a high degree of response variability include the brainstem reticular formation (BRF), periaqueductal gray (PAG), amygdala, and association cortices, which will be illustrated below.…”

Section: Neuronal Network Organization and Neuroplasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of therapeutic doses of NMDA receptor antagonists were evaluated in the seizure network of this epilepsy model. Neuronal firing in the seizure initiation site in inferior colliculus (IC), which is the most critical requisite network nucleus, was evaluated (Faingold and others 2014a). Neurons in the IC were inhibited by therapeutic (anticonvulsant) doses of competitive NMDA antagonists in vivo, and these agents were also effective with focal microinjection into IC.…”

Section: Examples Of Network Explorations In Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approved therapies for AD have only achieved partial effectiveness (Schneider and others 2014), and stimulation therapies, including cognitive-stimulating programs and deep brain stimulation, are being utilized experimentally (Feng and others 2012; Laxton and Lozano 2013). Agents that block GABA receptors (Kleschevnikov and others 2012; Mohler 2012) as well as cholinesterase inhibitors and adenosine antagonists (Wostyn and others 2011) that improve animal cognition (Colas and others 2013; Mohler 2012) may do so because they elevate responsiveness in CMR neurons (Faingold and others 2014b); also see Figure 5. Combining these drugs with stimulation therapies and monitoring the effects with neuroimaging techniques may be able to improve the treatment of AD.…”

Section: Examples Of Potential Future Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nonlinear output characteristics of CMR brain regions contrast with the relatively linear responses seen in primary networks, such as sensory systems. (Based on Faingold and others 2014b, with permission. )…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Targeting Neuronal Networks with Combined Drug and Stimulation Paradigms Guided by Neuroimaging to Treat Brain Disorders

Faingold

Blumenfeld

2015

Neuroscientist

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Improved therapy of brain disorders can be achieved by focusing on neuronal networks, utilizing combined pharmacological and stimulation paradigms guided by neuroimaging. Neuronal networks that mediate normal brain functions, such as hearing, interact with other networks, which is important but commonly neglected. Network interaction changes often underlie brain disorders, including epilepsy. “Conditional multireceptive” (CMR) brain areas (e.g., brainstem reticular formation and amygdala) are critical in mediating neuroplastic changes that facilitate network interactions. CMR neurons receive multiple inputs but exhibit extensive response variability due to milieu and behavioral state changes and are exquisitely sensitive to agents that increase or inhibit GABA-mediated inhibition. Enhanced CMR neuronal responsiveness leads to expression of emergent properties—nonlinear events—resulting from network self-organization. Determining brain disorder mechanisms requires animals that model behaviors and neuroanatomical substrates of human disorders identified by neuroimaging. However, not all sites activated during network operation are requisite for that operation. Other active sites are ancillary, because their blockade does not alter network function. Requisite network sites exhibit emergent properties that are critical targets for pharmacological and stimulation therapies. Improved treatment of brain disorders should involve combined pharmacological and stimulation therapies, guided by neuroimaging, to correct network malfunctions by targeting specific network neurons.

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Section: Neuronal Network Organization and Neuroplasticitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Neuronal Network Organization and Neuroplasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Examples Of Network Explorations In Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Examples Of Potential Future Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Targeting Neuronal Networks with Combined Drug and Stimulation Paradigms Guided by Neuroimaging to Treat Brain Disorders

Faingold

Blumenfeld

2015

Neuroscientist

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The Synthesis and Decoding of Meaning

Schulze¹

2021

Journal of Artificial General Intelligence

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Thinking machines must be able to use language effectively in communication with humans. It requires from them the ability to generate meaning and transfer this meaning to a communicating partner. Machines must also be able to decode meaning communicated via language. This work is about meaning in the context of building an artificial general intelligent system. It starts with an analysis of the Turing test and some of the main approaches to explain meaning. It then considers the generation of meaning in the human mind and argues that meaning has a dual nature. The quantum component reflects the relationships between objects and the orthogonal quale component the value of these relationships to the self. Both components are necessary, simultaneously, for meaning to exist. This parallel existence permits the formulation of ‘meaning coordinates’ as ordered pairs of quantum and quale strengths. Meaning coordinates represent the contents of meaningful mental states. Spurred by a currently salient meaningful mental state in the speaker, language is used to induce a meaningful mental state in the hearer. Therefore, thinking machines must be able to produce and respond to meaningful mental states in ways similar to their functioning in humans. It is explained how quanta and qualia arise, how they generate meaningful mental states, how these states propagate to produce thought, how they are communicated and interpreted, and how they can be simulated to create thinking machines.

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Neuronal Network Plasticity and Network Interactions are Critically Dependent on Conditional Multireceptive (CMR) Brain Regions

Cited by 2 publications

References 151 publications

Targeting Neuronal Networks with Combined Drug and Stimulation Paradigms Guided by Neuroimaging to Treat Brain Disorders

Targeting Neuronal Networks with Combined Drug and Stimulation Paradigms Guided by Neuroimaging to Treat Brain Disorders

The Synthesis and Decoding of Meaning

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