Neuronal Polarity

Craig, Ann Marie; Banker, Gary

doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.17.030194.001411

Cited by 690 publications

(604 citation statements)

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“…4f). Because the significantly longer neurites are presumably axons [49], this result indicates that MG may accelerate axon specification by promoting the growth of the longest neurite.…”

Section: Surface Coating Regulates Neuron Morphogenesismentioning

confidence: 91%

Surface Coating as a Key Parameter in Engineering Neuronal Network Structures In Vitro

et al. 2012

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By quantitatively comparing a variety of macromolecular surface coating agents, we discovered that surface coating strongly modulates the adhesion and morphogenesis of primary hippocampal neurons and serves as a switch of somata clustering and neurite fasciculation in vitro. The kinetics of neuronal adhesion on poly-lysine-coated surfaces is much faster than that on laminin and Matrigel-coated surfaces, and the distribution of adhesion is more homogenous on poly-lysine. Matrigel and laminin, on the other hand, facilitate neuritogenesis more than poly-lysine does. Eventually, on Matrigel-coated surfaces of self-assembled monolayers, neurons tend to undergo somata clustering and neurite fasciculation. By replacing coating proteins with cerebral astrocytes, and patterning neurons on astrocytes through self-assembled monolayers, microfluidics and micro-contact printing, we found that astrocyte promotes soma adhesion and astrocyte processes guide neurites. There, astrocytes could be a versatile substrate in engineering neuronal networks in vitro. Besides, quantitative measurements of cellular responses on various coatings would be valuable information for the neurobiology community in the choice of the most appropriate coating strategy.

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“…4f). Because the significantly longer neurites are presumably axons [49], this result indicates that MG may accelerate axon specification by promoting the growth of the longest neurite.…”

Section: Surface Coating Regulates Neuron Morphogenesismentioning

confidence: 91%

Surface Coating as a Key Parameter in Engineering Neuronal Network Structures In Vitro

et al. 2012

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“…Classical live imaging studies using cultured neurons have divided neuronal morphogenesis into the following 5 stages: (1) initially, sphere-like neurons develop circumferential lamellipodial and/or filopodial structures shortly after birth or after being plated in culture; (2) the lamellipodia protrude forward, and stable filopodia grow into short, immature neurites; (3) one of the several short neurites develops a large growth cone and rapidly elongates into the axon, thereby establishing neuronal polarity; (4) axons and dendrites differentiate, grow, and branch rapidly; and (5) neurons make synaptic connections, develop dendritic spines, and establish neuronal circuits [1,2]. These processes, initially described for cultured embryonic hippocampal neurons, have since been generalized to multiple neuronal types both in vitro and in vivo, with the important difference that in the in vivo context, Shu-Xin Zhang and Li-Hui Duan have contributed equally to this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actin Aggregations Mark the Sites of Neurite Initiation

et al. 2016

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A salient feature of neurons is their intrinsic ability to grow and extend neurites, even in the absence of external cues. Compared to the later stages of neuronal development, such as neuronal polarization and dendrite morphogenesis, the early steps of neuritogenesis remain relatively unexplored. Here we showed that redistribution of cortical actin into large aggregates preceded neuritogenesis and determined the site of neurite initiation. Enhancing actin polymerization by jasplakinolide treatment effectively blocked actin redistribution and neurite initiation, while treatment with the actin depolymerizing agents latrunculin A or cytochalasin D accelerated neurite formation. Together, these results demonstrate a critical role of actin dynamics and reorganization in neurite initiation. Further experiments showed that microtubule dynamics and protein synthesis are not required for neurite initiation, but are required for later neurite stabilization. The redistribution of actin during early neuronal development was also observed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in vivo.

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“…Both of these approaches have significant drawbacks. Neuroblastoma cells and transformed neural stem cells have neurites that extend using contact guidance and thus grow along fibers, but their neurites do not resemble true axons and dendrites as judged by standard morphological and immunocytochemical criteria [16]. Typically, these cells attach and grow readily on materials without the surface coatings required by primary neurons to adhere and survive [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The design of electrospun PLLA nanofiber scaffolds compatible with serum-free growth of primary motor and sensory neurons

et al. 2008

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Aligned electrospun nanofibers direct neurite growth and may prove effective for repair throughout the nervous system. Applying nanofiber scaffolds to different nervous system regions will require prior in vitro testing of scaffold designs with specific neuronal and glial cell types. This would be best accomplished using primary neurons in serum-free media; however, such growth on nanofiber substrates has not yet been achieved. Here we report the development of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofiber substrates that support serum-free growth of primary motor and sensory neurons at low plating densities. In our study, we first compared materials used to anchor fibers to glass to keep cells submerged and maintain fiber alignment. We found that poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) anchors fibers to glass and is less toxic to primary neurons than bandage and glue used in other studies. We then designed a substrate produced by electrospinning PLLA nanofibers directly on cover slips pre-coated with PLGA. This substrate retains fiber alignment even when the fiber bundle detaches from the cover slip and keeps cells in the same focal plane. To see if increasing wettability improves motor neuron survival, some fibers were plasma etched before cell plating. Survival on etched fibers was reduced at the lower plating density. Finally, the alignment of neurons grown on this substrate was equal to nanofiber alignment and surpassed the alignment of neurites from explants tested in a previous study. This substrate should facilitate investigating the behavior of many neuronal types on electrospun fibers in serum-free conditions.

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Neuronal Polarity

Cited by 690 publications

References 0 publications

Surface Coating as a Key Parameter in Engineering Neuronal Network Structures In Vitro

Surface Coating as a Key Parameter in Engineering Neuronal Network Structures In Vitro

Actin Aggregations Mark the Sites of Neurite Initiation

The design of electrospun PLLA nanofiber scaffolds compatible with serum-free growth of primary motor and sensory neurons

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