Neuronal resonance can be generated independently at distinct levels of organization

Abstract

Neuronal resonance is defined as maximal amplification of the response of a system to a periodic input at a finite non-zero input frequency band. Resonance has been observed experimentally in the nervous system at the level of membrane potentials, spike times, post-synaptic potentials, and neuronal networks. It is often assumed that resonance at one level of organization endows resonance at another level, but how the various forms of neuronal resonances interact is unknown. Here we show that a direct link of the frequency response properties across neuronal levels of organization is not necessary. Using detailed biophysical modeling combined with numerical simulations, extracellular recordings, and optogenetic manipulations from behaving mice, we show how low-pass filtering, high-pass filtering, and amplification mechanisms can generate resonance at a single level of organization. Subthreshold resonance, synaptic resonance, and spiking resonance can each occur in the lack of resonance at any other level of organization. In contrast, frequencydependent mechanisms at several levels of organization are required to generate the more complex phenomenon of network resonance. Together, these results show that multiple independent mechanisms can generate resonance in neuronal systems.

Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Enhances Neurite Outgrowth in Neural Cells and Modulates Inflammation in Macrophages

“…Electrical resonance occurs when a system ( e.g. , a neural cell) oscillates with greater amplitude at a specific frequency [47] . It has been demonstrated that these oscillatory signals can influence connectivity between neurons, synaptic communication, and the rhythm of spike firing [48] .…”

“…It has been demonstrated that these oscillatory signals can influence connectivity between neurons, synaptic communication, and the rhythm of spike firing [48] . For mammalian neurons, the resonance frequency has been observed to range from 4 to 10 Hz [47] . The final optimal PRF range found in this study is reasonably consistent with the mammals' resonance frequency range.…”