Neurons synthesizing gonadotropin-releasing hormone mRNA subtypes have multiple developmental origins in the medaka

Parhar, Ishwar S.; Soga, Tomoko; Ishikawa, Yuji; Nagahama, Yoshitaka; Sakuma, Yasuo

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19981116)401:2<217::aid-cne5>3.0.co;2-v

Cited by 74 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The relatively higher GnRH-II and GnRH-III mRNA levels compared with that of GnRH-I mRNA observed in cobia and seabream (Wong et al 2004) suggests that GnRH-II and GnRH-III could be more important during larval development. The overall increasing trend of GnRH-II and GnRH-III mRNAs during the larval development in cobia is also consistent with the increasing number and size of the GnRH immunoreactive cells reported during early development of other teleosts (Parhar et al 1998, González-Martínez et al 2002.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…In addition, Wong et al (2004) have reported early detection of GnRH receptor, FSHb, FSH, and LH receptors and Vasa mRNAs during the larval development of gilthead seabream using real-time RT-PCR. Therefore, these genes of the hypothalamicpituitary-gonad (HPG) axis may potentially be active much earlier than it has been suggested based on the ISH studies (Cambré et al 1990, Parhar et al 1998. Furthermore, the finding of higher GnRH-I mRNA expression in male cobia undergoing puberty when compared with the juvenile females of the same age is consistent with the designation of GnRH-I as the major regulator of pituitary gonadotropins in all vertebrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental expression of the G protein-coupled receptor 54 and three GnRH mRNAs in the teleost fish cobia

Mohamed¹,

Benninghoff²,

Holt³

et al. 2007

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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The cDNAs of the G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) and three prepro-gonadotropin-releasing hormones, GnRH-I (seabream GnRH), GnRH-II (chicken GnRH-II), and GnRH-III (salmon GnRH) were isolated and cloned from the brain of the teleost fish cobia, Rachycentron canadum. The cobia GPR54 cDNA was 95 and 51-56% identical to those of tilapia and mammalian models respectively. The GnRH cDNA sequences of cobia showed strong identities to those of tilapia, Atlantic croaker, red drum, and the seabass and seabream species. The real-time quantitative RT-PCR methods allowed detection of all three GnRH mRNAs on the first day after hatching (DAH). The GnRH-I mRNA levels, which were the lowest among the three GnRHs, increased gradually with two distinct peaks in larvae at 3 and 4 DAH. On the other hand, GnRH-II and GnRH-III mRNAs were significantly higher in larvae at 2 and 6 DAH compared with those on the preceding days. In addition, significant peaks of all the three GnRH mRNAs were observed in the brains of 26-day-old fish. The finding of higher GnRH-I and GnRH-II mRNAs in males than females at 153 DAH may be related to early puberty observed during the first year in laboratory-reared male cobia. Moreover, this study demonstrates for the first time the expression of GPR54 mRNA during larval development in a vertebrate species. The concomitant expression patterns of GPR54 and GnRH mRNAs during different stages of larval and juvenile developments, and during early puberty in male cobia suggest a potential relationship between GPR54 and multiple GnRHs during these stages of development consistent with the role of GPR54 in controlling GnRH release in mammals. The increase in GPR54 and GnRH mRNAs observed during early puberty in cobia is consistent with a similar change reported in pubertal rats. This finding together with the localization of GPR54 mRNAs on GnRH neurons in fish and mammals suggests that the GPR54-GnRH interactions may be conserved in different vertebrate groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental expression of the G protein-coupled receptor 54 and three GnRH mRNAs in the teleost fish cobia

Mohamed¹,

Benninghoff²,

Holt³

et al. 2007

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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“…In medaka, a species-specific form of GnRH1 has been cloned [36] and it is expressed in the hypothalamus. The differences in timing between the onset of GnRH1 and GnRH3 gene expression led to the proposal that the terminal nerve (GnRH3) and hypothalamic (GnRH1) cells do not share a common origin in the olfactory placode but have separate origins [9,36]. Consistent with this hypothesis, we have found that in zebrafish GnRH3 cells of the terminal nerve and GnRH2 cells of the midbrain (Fig.…”

Section: Gnrh Cellssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…In the chick GnRH1 is first expressed along the neural fold, becomes localized to the anterior neural folds, and subsequently is expressed in bilateral clusters of cells within the most anterior neural folds [61]. In medaka, a species-specific form of GnRH1 has been cloned [36] and it is expressed in the hypothalamus. The differences in timing between the onset of GnRH1 and GnRH3 gene expression led to the proposal that the terminal nerve (GnRH3) and hypothalamic (GnRH1) cells do not share a common origin in the olfactory placode but have separate origins [9,36].…”

Section: Gnrh Cellsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Developing a sense of scents: Plasticity in olfactory placode formation

Whitlock

2008

Brain Research Bulletin

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The sense organs of the vertebrate head arise predominantly from sensory placodes. The sensory placodes have traditionally been grouped as structures that share common developmental and evolutionary characteristics. In attempts to build a coherent model for development of all placodes, the fascinating differences that make placodes unique are often overlooked. Here I review olfactory placode development with special attention to the origin and cell movements that generate the olfactory placode, the derivatives of this sensory placode, and the degree to which it shows plasticity during development. Next, through comparison with adenohypophyseal, and lens placodes I suggest we revise our thinking and terminology for these anterior placodes, specifically by: 1) referring to the peripheral olfactory sensory system as neural ectoderm because it expresses the same series of genes involved in neural differentiation and differentiates in tandem with the olfactory bulb, 2) grouping the anterior placodes with their corresponding central nervous system structures and emphasizing patterning mechanisms shared between placodes and these targets. Sensory systems did not arise independent of the central nervous system; they are part of a functional unit composed of peripheral sensory structures and their targets. By expanding our analyses of sensory system development to also include cell movements, gene expression and morphological changes observed in this functional unit, we will better understand the evolution of sensory structures.

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“…Based on recent data from early vitellogenic females (GSI<1%), sGnRH-I mRNA is predominantly expressed in the olfactory bulbs and telencephalon, whereas sGnRH-II mRNA is the most abundant form in the preoptic area and hypothalamus (F Ferrière, unpublished observation). However, in teleosts, projection of sGnRH fibres into the pituitary has been shown to originate from preoptic and hypothalamic neurones (Anglade et al 1993, Parhar et al 1998. This is in agreement with the findings of the present study whereby sGnRH-I mRNA was less abundant in the brains of 11-month-old AS(+) immature females, whereas the sGnRH-II form decreased in maturing AS(+) males.…”

Section: Pab-directed Expression Of Inserted Genes In Transgenic Troutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic rainbow trout expressed sGnRH-antisense RNA under the control of sGnRH promoter of Atlantic salmon

Uzbekova¹,

Chyb²,

Ferrière³

et al. 2000

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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A recombinant vector containing antisense DNA complementary to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) sGnRH cDNA driven by specific promoter Pab derived from a corresponding sGnRH gene was introduced into rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs. This resulted in transgenic animals that had integrated one copy of the transgene into their genome and transmitted it through the germline. Antisense-sGnRH mRNA (AS) was expressed mainly in the brain of transgenic AS(+) fish. Levels of sGnRH endogenous mRNA in the brain were lower in 11-month-old AS(+) fish compared with nontransgenic AS( ) individuals from the same F2 progeny. sGnRH levels significantly decreased in the pituitary of transgenic males and females around the maturation period and in the brain of AS(+) immature females compared with controls. No reliable statistical difference was found in the levels of FSH and LH between AS(+) and AS( ) groups either in immature or mature fish. The majority of transgenic fish reached maturity at the same time as did nontransgenic individuals, although the maturation of AS(+) animals seemed to be more asynchronous. For the first time, the influence of antisense messengers on endogenous mRNA in transgenic fish and the corresponding protein is described.

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Neurons synthesizing gonadotropin-releasing hormone mRNA subtypes have multiple developmental origins in the medaka

Cited by 74 publications

References 39 publications

Developmental expression of the G protein-coupled receptor 54 and three GnRH mRNAs in the teleost fish cobia

Developmental expression of the G protein-coupled receptor 54 and three GnRH mRNAs in the teleost fish cobia

Developing a sense of scents: Plasticity in olfactory placode formation

Transgenic rainbow trout expressed sGnRH-antisense RNA under the control of sGnRH promoter of Atlantic salmon

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