Neuropathogenic human coronaviruses: A review

Abdelaziz, Osama S.; Waffa, Zuraiha

doi:10.1002/rmv.2118

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Moreover, as noticed above, the size of brainstem lesions may be enhanced by combination of systemic inflammation, ischemic thrombotic/embolic lesions or ependymal capillary vasculitis within the brain ventricles [55] , [67] . Notably, we cannot exclude the confinement of SARS-CoV-2 in cranial nerve ganglia during remission and re-invasion of the CNS, heart and lungs via the axonal retrograde transport, in accord with other neurotropic viruses [68] .…”

Section: Neurotropism Of Sars-cov-2 Short-circuits the Neural Cardiovmentioning

confidence: 85%

Understanding the heart-brain axis response in COVID-19 patients: A suggestive perspective for therapeutic development

Lionetti

Coppini

Gerbino

et al. 2021

Pharmacological Research

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In-depth characterization of heart-brain communication in critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory failure is attracting significant interest in the COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic era during intensive care unit (ICU) stay and after ICU or hospital discharge. Emerging research has provided new insights into pathogenic role of the deregulation of the heart-brain axis (HBA), a bidirectional flow of information, in leading to severe multiorgan disease syndrome (MODS) in patients with confirmed infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Noteworthy, HBA dysfunction may worsen the outcome of the COVID-19 patients. In this review, we discuss the critical role HBA plays in both promoting and limiting MODS in COVID-19. We also highlight the role of HBA as new target for novel therapeutic strategies in COVID-19 in order to open new translational frontiers of care. This is a translational perspective from the Italian Society of Cardiovascular Researches.

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Section: Neurotropism Of Sars-cov-2 Short-circuits the Neural Cardiovmentioning

confidence: 85%

Understanding the heart-brain axis response in COVID-19 patients: A suggestive perspective for therapeutic development

Lionetti

Coppini

Gerbino

et al. 2021

Pharmacological Research

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“…Finally, 45 systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria and were included in this overview. 11 – 55 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neurological symptoms of COVID-19: a systematic overview of systematic reviews, comparison with other neurological conditions and implications for healthcare services

Wildwing

Holt

2021

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

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Aims: In response to the rapid spread of COVID-19, this paper provides health professionals with better accessibility to available evidence, summarising findings from a systematic overview of systematic reviews of the neurological symptoms seen in patients with COVID-19. Implications of so-called ‘Long Covid’ on neurological services and primary care and similarities with other neurological disorders are discussed. Methods: Firstly, a systematic overview of current reviews of neurological symptoms of COVID-19 was conducted. Secondly, the implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the potential effect on neurological services and the similarities in the experience of patients with COVID-19 and those with other neurological disorders. A total of 45 systematic reviews were identified within seven databases, published between 11 April 2020 and 15 October 2020, following a search in June 2020, updated on 20 October 2020. Results: The results indicated that COVID-19 exhibits two types of neurological symptoms; life-threatening symptoms such as Guillain–Barre Syndrome (GBS) and encephalitis, and less devastating symptoms such as fatigue and myalgia. Many of these so-called lesser symptoms appear to be emerging as longer-term for some sufferers and have been recently labelled Long Covid. When compared, these less devastating symptoms are very similar to other neurological conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and functional neurological disorder (FND). Conclusion: Implications for neurological healthcare services in the United Kingdom (UK) may include longer waiting times and a need for more resources (including more qualified health professionals). There is also a possible change-effect on health professionals’ perceptions of other neurological conditions such as CFS and FND. Future research is recommended to explore changes in health professionals’ perceptions of neurological symptoms because of COVID-19.

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“…Other CoVs, including hepatitis virus John Howard Mueller strain (MHV-JHM), human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), and porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), can damage the central nervous system (CNS), causing encephalitis ( 6 – 8 ). According to recent studies, SARS-CoV-2 can cause CNS manifestations such as acute cerebrovascular disease, ataxia, and seizure as well as peripheral nervous system (PNS) manifestations such as olfactory and gustatory disturbances ( 9 – 13 ). Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), an avian coronavirus, belongs to the gamma coronavirus group (γ-CoV), which causes a highly contagious, acute viral respiratory disease in chickens, and has caused great economic losses in the poultry industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. According to recent studies, SARS-CoV-2 can cause CNS manifestations such as acute cerebrovascular disease, ataxia, seizure, and peripheral nervous system (PNS) manifestations such as olfactory and gustatory disturbances (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), an avian coronavirus, belongs to the gamma-coronavirus group (γ-CoV), which causes a highly contagious, acute viral respiratory disease in chickens, which has caused great economic losses in the poultry industry.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Furin-S2′ Site in Avian Coronavirus Plays a Key Role in Central Nervous System Damage Progression

Cheng

Zhao

et al. 2021

J Virol

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The furin cleavage site plays an important role in virus pathogenicity. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 harbors a furin cleavage site insertion in contrast to SARS-CoV, which may be related to its stronger communicability. An avian coronavirus with an extra furin cleavage site upstream of the fusion peptide (S2’ site) infected monocyte cells and neuron cells leading to viremia or encephalitis, respectively. Immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to follow disease progression and demonstrated differences between the parent avian coronavirus and mutated avian coronavirus with a furin-S2’ site. Magnetic resonance imaging and biological dye to evaluate the blood–brain barrier permeability showed that avian coronavirus with a furin-S2’ site had increased permeability compared with parent avian coronavirus. Immunohistochemistry of brains after intracerebral injection of avian coronavirus and immunofluorescence staining of primary neuron cells demonstrated the furin-S2’ site expanded the cell tropism of the mutant avian coronavirus to neuron cells. TNF-α, which has a key role in blood–brain barrier permeability, was highly induced by avian coronavirus with a furin-S2’ site compared with the parent avian coronavirus. We demonstrated the process involved in mutant avian coronavirus-induced disease and that the addition of a furin-S2’ site changed the virus cell tropism. IMPORTANCE Coronaviruses have broken out three times in two decades. Spike (S) protein plays a key role in the process of infection. To clarify importance of furin cleavage site in spike protein for coronavirus, we investigated the pathogenesis of neurotropic avian coronavirus whose spike protein contains an extra furin cleavage site (furin-S2’ site). By combining real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry we demonstrated that infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infects brain instead of trachea when its S protein contains furin-S2’ site. Moreover, the virus was shown to increase the permeability of blood-brain barrier, infect neuron cells and induce high expression of TNF-α. Based on these results we further show that furin cleavage site in S protein plays an important role in coronavirus pathogenicity and cell tropism. Our study extends previous publications on function of S protein of coronavirus, increasing the understanding of researchers to coronavirus.

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Neuropathogenic human coronaviruses: A review

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

Understanding the heart-brain axis response in COVID-19 patients: A suggestive perspective for therapeutic development

Understanding the heart-brain axis response in COVID-19 patients: A suggestive perspective for therapeutic development

The neurological symptoms of COVID-19: a systematic overview of systematic reviews, comparison with other neurological conditions and implications for healthcare services

The Furin-S2′ Site in Avian Coronavirus Plays a Key Role in Central Nervous System Damage Progression

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