Neuropathological studies of chickens following exposure to chlorpyrifos

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the putative neuropathological effects in young chickens after administration of a single dose of 55 mg/kg bw chlorpyrifos. The gross lesions of the nervous system comprised of congestions in the brain. Microscopic examination of brain showed mild congestion of cerebral blood vessels and mild perivascular cuffing of lymphomononuclear cells in the cerebral cortex and necrosis of the neurons. The interesting findings were the presence of cytoplasmic vacuolations of cerebral neurons and swelling of the endothelial cell of the cerebral capillaries. Cerebellum showed congestion and hemorrhages in the granular layer and necrosis of Purkinje cell. Sciatic nerve exhibited mild edema, swelling and degeneration of axons, and swelling of Schwann cells. There was a significant inhibition of plasma cholinesterase enzyme activity in chickens administered with chlorpyrifos compared to chickens of control group. The study revealed that administration of chlorpyrifos produces neuropathological lesions in chickens shortly after exposure.

Effect of Spinosad and Imidacloprid on Serum Biochemical Alterations in Male Broilers and Its Amelioration with Vitamin E and Silymarin

“…The observations in group 2 were in agreement with experimental results of in Kammon et al, (2010) and Mohany et al, (2012) in layer chicken and rats respectively in IM induced studies. Increased levels of ALP in group 3 were in agreement with Stebbins et al, (2002) and Yano et al, (2002).…”

“…An insignificant decrease in serum acetyl cholinesterase was noticed in 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 group birds when compared to that of control. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in acetyl cholinesterase activity was reported by Aboul-Enein et al, (2012) in male rats administered with 347.49 mg/Kg b. wt of SPD for 4 weeks and Kammon et al, (2010) recorded an insignificant change in plasma acetyl cholinesterase levels in imidacloprid intoxicated chickens. Both toxins will act by excitation of the nervous system with activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), SPD acts by inhibition of the AChE whereas IM acts by binding with acetylcholine both actions resulting in hyperexcitation.…”

Effects of Exposure to Clothianidin on the Reproductive System of Male Quails

“…Histological changes in the liver with large areas of the degeneration of administration groups in the present study are similar to neonicotinoids administration in chickens [5] (thiacloprid), [7] (imidacloprid) and in rats [15] (thiamethoxam). Liver is a vital organ with a wide range of functions, including detoxification.…”

Effect of Nigella sativa Oil on the Imidacloprid Induced Toxicity in Male Albino Mice

“…The main characteristic findings were the appearance of; congested degenerative glomerular tuft, disturbed and necrotic tubular epithelia, dilated atrophied, infiltration in between the degenerated tubules with fibrosis and hyalinosis between the tubules in a focal manner, wide space dilated proximal tubules, hyperchromatic mesangial cells, shrunken Bowman's capsule, damage and disorganization of kidney tubules (lost architecture) were also observed. The present findings of mice kidney tissues treated with IMC revealed histological changes, similar signs of toxicity were also reported earlier by Kammon et al, 2010 andMarrs 2012. Co-administration of the NS oil with IMC showed marked improvement in kidney histological structure compares to the IMC group alone (Fig.…”