Neuropathological Studies of Patients with Possible Non-Herpetic Acute Limbic Encephalitis and So-called Acute Juvenile Female Non-Herpetic Encephalitis

Okamoto, Koichi; Yamazaki, Tsuneo; Banno, Haruhiko; Sobue, Gen; Yoshida, Mari; Takatama, Masamitsu

doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.47.0547

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…92 As described earlier, a study examining patients with autoimmune epilepsy (presenting with NORSE) found elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-4 in the CSF, and elevated levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the periphery. 29 Multiple small immunopathological biopsy and autopsy studies from patients with AIE [93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100] have demonstrated a variety of pathological changes. Across these studies, there is a predominance of perivascular lymphocyte infiltration with antibody or complement deposition.…”

Section: Generation Of Seizures In Aiementioning

confidence: 99%

Seizures in autoimmune encephalitis: Kindling the fire

et al. 2020

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Epilepsy affects at least 45.9 million adults worldwide, and hence poses an enormous global socioeconomic burden. 1 Poorly controlled or uncontrolled seizures in the setting of epilepsy can have important implications for the individual, including cognitive, psychiatric, and physical morbidity, with an overall poor quality of life and associated increased risk of mortality, including sudden death. 2 Autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are increasing in prevalence in the community. 3 Seizures can be a common presentation of autoimmune encephalitis (AIE). 4 Termed "autoimmune seizures" or "autoimmune epilepsy," these disorders are thought to be immune-mediated. 4 Recognition of the importance of autoimmune seizures has provided impetus to understand their biological basis. The interaction between the immune system, neuroinflammation, and epileptogenesis likely holds the key to unlocking the pathogenesis of autoimmune seizures. | AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALITIS | OverviewThe AIEs are a collection of immune-mediated disorders targeting the CNS. 5 These disorders can present with a broad range of neurological symptoms, particularly seizures, cognitive

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Section: Generation Of Seizures In Aiementioning

confidence: 99%

Seizures in autoimmune encephalitis: Kindling the fire

et al. 2020

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“…However, several problems still remain to be unresolved including the etiology of patients without anti-NMDAR antibody, the etiology of male patients, the lack of detectable ovarian teratomas in some patients, the reason why predominantly young adults are affected, the reason why many Japanese patients are reported (4,(8)(9)(10), and the reason why there is a good outcome in the long term without tumor removal.…”

Section: Differences In Clinical Features Between Female and Male Patmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nationwide Survey of Acute Juvenile Female Non-Herpetic Encephalitis in Japan: Relationship to Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis

et al. 2009

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“…(Albayrak & Gorgulu, 2008;Barcikowska, 1979;Biemond, 1956;Chakraborty et al, 2014;Chessa et al, 2017;Couto et al, 2013;Dodgson, 1955;Freedman et al, 1984;Hiraga et al, 2014;Hwang et al, 2014;Ishida et al, 2006;Ishii et al, 2011;Jellinger et al, 2011;T. S. Kim et al, 1997;Kurokawa et al, 2005;Lapenta et al, 2015;Leroy et al, 2007;Matsuzono et al, 2013;Maximov et al, 2018;McKay & Cipolotti, 2007;McMurtray et al, 2014;Mizutani et al, 2020;Mumoli et al, 2014;Nixon et al, 2001;Nomoto et al, 2007;Obara et al, 2008;Obrador et al, 1957;Okamoto et al, 2008;Saito et al, 2007;Sapir et al, 2007;Seghier et al, 2014;Sener, 1998;Serrano-Castro et al, 2013;Shiihara et al, 2006;Shintaku et al, 2010;Shintani et al, 2000;Silva et al, 2018;Sperner et al, 1996;Turkalj et al, 2012;Yasui et al, 1999;Yoshimura et al, 1988)…”

Section: Late-infantile Metachromatic Leukodystrophyunclassified

Does the claustrum have a function? Lessons from human lesion and animal studies point to divergent multifunctionality

Atilgan¹,

Doody²,

Oliver³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The claustrum is the most densely interconnected region in the human brain. Despite the accumulating data from clinical and experimental studies, the functional role(s) of the claustrum remain unknown. Here, we systematically review claustrum lesion studies and discuss their functional implications. Claustral lesions are associated with an array of signs and symptoms, including changes in cognitive, perceptual and motor abilities; electrical activity; mental state; and sleep. The wide range of symptoms observed following claustral lesions suggests that the claustrum may either have a number of distinct functions, or a global function that impacts many neural processes. We further discuss the implications of these lesions in the context of recent evidence linking the claustrum to sensory perception, sleep, and salience as well as highlighting an underexplored link between the claustrum and pain. We hypothesize that the claustrum is connected to multiple brain networks, both ancient and advanced, which underly fundamental functions as well as higher cognitive processes. Extensive evidence derived from human lesion studies and animal experiments provides unequivocal evidence for a key function of the claustrum as a multifunctional node in numerous networks.

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Neuropathological Studies of Patients with Possible Non-Herpetic Acute Limbic Encephalitis and So-called Acute Juvenile Female Non-Herpetic Encephalitis

Abstract: Objective This study was to clarify the neuropathological findings of non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis (NHALE) and so-called acute juvenile female non-herpetic encephalitis (AJFNHE

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Seizures in autoimmune encephalitis: Kindling the fire

Seizures in autoimmune encephalitis: Kindling the fire

Nationwide Survey of Acute Juvenile Female Non-Herpetic Encephalitis in Japan: Relationship to Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis

Does the claustrum have a function? Lessons from human lesion and animal studies point to divergent multifunctionality

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