“…Besides routes of alcohol administration and genetic variables of animals used, it has been suggested that varying timing of ethanol administration and ethanol-pairing cues can induce both CPP and place aversion in the same animal (Cunningham et al, 2002, Green and Grahame, 2008), underscoring the effect of experimental conditions on the outcome of alcohol conditioning. In fact, there are numerous previous reports of ethanol-induced CPP in rats with either biased or unbiased procedures (Bozarth, 1990, Bienkowski et al, 1996, Biala and Kotlinska, 1999, Ciccocioppo et al, 2003, Cole et al, 2003, Kotlinska et al, 2007, Walker and Ettenberg, 2007, Peana et al, 2008). Under our experimental conditions, both ethanol and morphine, a strong rewarding opioid, induce similar CPP, supporting the involvement of a rewarding effect of alcohol in the CPP behavior in rats (Zhu et al, 2007).…”