Neuropeptide hormones as neurotrophic factors

Strand, Fleur L.; Rose, Kenneth J.; Zuccarelli, Lisa A.; Kume, J.; Alves, Stephen E.; Antonawich, Francis J.; Garrett, Lyndle

doi:10.1152/physrev.1991.71.4.1017

Cited by 144 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…a-MSH can act as a neurotropic factor during development as well as in the adult brain (Strand et al 1991). A recent study showed that NDP-MSH induces neurogenesis in the hippocampus of gerbils after global ischemia and that this effect is mediated by MC4R (Giuliani et al 2011).…”

Section: Mc4r and Neuroprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocytes: new targets of melanocortin 4 receptor actions

Caruso¹,

Carniglia²,

Durand³

et al. 2013

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Astrocytes exert a wide variety of functions with paramount importance in brain physiology. After injury or infection, astrocytes become reactive and they respond by producing a variety of inflammatory mediators that help maintain brain homeostasis. Loss of astrocyte functions as well as their excessive activation can contribute to disease processes; thus, it is important to modulate reactive astrocyte response. Melanocortins are peptides with well-recognized anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activity. Although melanocortin efficacy was shown in systemic models of inflammatory disease, mechanisms involved in their effects have not yet been fully elucidated. Central anti-inflammatory effects of melanocortins and their mechanisms are even less well known, and, in particular, the effects of melanocortins in glial cells are poorly understood. Of the five known melanocortin receptors (MCRs), only subtype 4 is present in astrocytes. MC4R has been shown to mediate melanocortin effects on energy homeostasis, reproduction, inflammation, and neuroprotection and, recently, to modulate astrocyte functions. In this review, we will describe MC4R involvement in anti-inflammatory, anorexigenic, and anti-apoptotic effects of melanocortins in the brain. We will highlight MC4R action in astrocytes and discuss their possible mechanisms of action. Melanocortin effects on astrocytes provide a new means of treating inflammation, obesity, and neurodegeneration, making them attractive targets for therapeutic interventions in the CNS.

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Section: Mc4r and Neuroprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocytes: new targets of melanocortin 4 receptor actions

Caruso¹,

Carniglia²,

Durand³

et al. 2013

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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“…Developmental studies attribute primarily tropic and trophic actions to certain peptides, including induction of neurogenesis and effects on neuronal migration (Strand et al, 1991;De Felipe et al, 1995;Voronezhskaya and Elekes, 1996;Croll, 2000;Hökfelt et al, 2000;Yacubova and Komuro, 2002). A few studies suggest important functions of peptides especially in the developing or regenerating olfactory system.…”

Section: Possible Roles Of Mas-at and Other Neuropeptides During Al Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mas‐allatotropin in the developing antennal lobe of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta: Distribution, time course, developmental regulation, and colocalization with other neuropeptides

Utz

Huetteroth

Vömel

et al. 2007

Developmental Neurobiology

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ABSTRACT:The paired antennal lobes (ALs) of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta serve as a well-established model for studying development of the primary integration centers for odor information in the brain. To further reveal the role of neuropeptides during AL development, we have analyzed cellular distribution, developmental time course, and regulation of the neuropeptide M. sexta allatotropin (Mas-AT). On the basis of morphology and appearance during AL formation, seven major types of Mas-AT-immunoreactive (ir) cells could be distinguished. Mas-AT-ir cells are identified as local, projection, and centrifugal neurons, which are either persisting larval or newly added adult-specific neurons. Complementary immunostaining with antisera against two other neuropeptide families (A-type allatostatins, RFamides) revealed colocalization within three of the Mas-AT-ir cell types. On the basis of this neurochemistry, the most prominent type of Mas-AT-ir neurons, the local AT neurons (LATn), could be divided in three subpopulations. The appearance of the Mas-AT-ir cell types occurring during metamorphosis parallels the rising titer of the developmental hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Artificially shifting the 20E titer to an earlier developmental time point resulted in the precocious occurrence of Mas-AT immunostaining. This result supports the hypothesis that the pupal rise of 20E is causative for Mas-AT expression during AL development. Comparing localization and developmental time course of Mas-AT and other neuropeptides with the time course of AL formation suggests various functions for these neuropeptides during development, including an involvement in the formation of the olfactory glomeruli. '

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“…Recent data from the developing or regenerating mouse olfactory epithelium demonstrated a role of two neuropeptides (neuropeptide Y and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide) in initiating proliferation of basal cells (Hansel et al, 2001a,b). In vertebrates there is increasing evidence that peptides exert trophic actions during embryonic development (Strand et al, 1991;De Felipe et al, 1995;Hökfelt et al, 2000). FaRPs also play a role in learning and neuronal plasticity, which are thought to imply similar mechanisms as used during development (Carew et al, 1998).…”

Section: Possible Roles Of Farps During Nervous System Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and steroid regulation of RFamide immunoreactivity in antennal-lobe neurons of the sphinx mothManduca sexta

Schachtner

Trosowski

D'Hanis

et al. 2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY During metamorphosis, the insect nervous system undergoes considerable remodeling: new neurons are integrated while larval neurons are remodeled or eliminated. To understand further the mechanisms involved in transforming larval to adult tissue we have mapped the metamorphic changes in a particularly well established brain area, the antennal lobe of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta, using an antiserum recognizing RFamide-related neuropeptides. Five types of RFamide-immunoreactive (ir) neurons could be distinguished in the antennal lobe, based on morphology and developmental appearance. Four cell types (types II–V, each consisting of one or two cells) showed RFamide immunostaining in the larva that persisted into metamorphosis. By contrast, the most prominent group (type I), a mixed population of local and projection neurons consisting of about 60 neurons in the adult antennal lobe, acquired immunostaining in a two-step process during metamorphosis. In a first step, from 5 to 7 days after pupal ecdysis, the number of labeled neurons reached about 25. In a second step, starting about 4 days later, the number of RFamide-ir neurons increased within 6 days to about 60. This two-step process parallels the rise and fall of the developmental hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in the hemolymph. Artificially shifting the 20E peak to an earlier developmental time point resulted in the precocious appearance of RFamide immunostaining and led to premature formation of glomeruli. Prolonging high 20E concentrations to stages when the hormone titer starts to decline had no effect on the second increase of immunostained cell numbers. These results support the idea that the rise in 20E, which occurs after pupal ecdysis, plays a role in the first phase of RFamide expression and in glomeruli formation in the developing antennal lobes. The role of 20E in the second phase of RFamide expression is less clear, but increased cell numbers showing RFamide-ir do not appear to be a consequence of the declining levels in 20E that occur during adult development.

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Neuropeptide hormones as neurotrophic factors

Cited by 144 publications

References 0 publications

Astrocytes: new targets of melanocortin 4 receptor actions

Astrocytes: new targets of melanocortin 4 receptor actions

Mas‐allatotropin in the developing antennal lobe of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta: Distribution, time course, developmental regulation, and colocalization with other neuropeptides

Development and steroid regulation of RFamide immunoreactivity in antennal-lobe neurons of the sphinx mothManduca sexta

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